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in certain places, they succumbed to the aboriginal influences in certain others, and continued to live in a low state of culture.

Grierson, however, considers that these people left the main body of Aryans after the great fission which resulted in the Indo-Aryan migration but before all the typical peculiarities of Iranian speech had fully developed They are thus, he says, the representives of a stage of linguistic progress later than that of Sanskrit and earlier than that record. ed in the Iranian Avesta. The separation between the Iranians and the Indian Aryans, however, may not have taken place all at once, but might have begun even before the entry of the Aryans into India, and when they came to India, they had to encounter once more with their ancient rivals of Iran. The immigrants into Kashmir and the sorrounding country may perhaps be taken to