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INDONESIAN LINGUISTICS
The formative um is a prefix with words having an initial vowel, an infix where they have an initial consonant.
47. The active formative ma-. Proof that it is Common IN:
| Formosa, Form, dialect: | matagga, "to bleed". |
| Philippines, Bont.: | masuyep, "to sleep". |
| Celebes, Bungku: | mahaki, "to be sick". |
| Borneo, Basa Sangiang: | mahampan, "to have a border". |
| Near Java, Bal.: | mahumah, to dwell. |
| Islands near New Guinea, Kamberese : | malala, "to cook". |
| Sumatra, Lampong: | mabarsog, "to speak through the nose". |
| Islands at the back of Sumatra, Mentaway: | maloto, "to be afraid" |
| Madagascar, Sakalava : | mataotra, "to fear". |
48. The active formative ṅ-, or its substitute maṅ-. Proof that it is Common IN:
| Philippines, Bont.: | managni, "to dance". |
| Celebes, Bug.: | ṅanro, "to ask". |
| Togian Islands, Bajo: | ṅinum, "to drink". |
| Borneo, Basa Sangiang: | ṅujan, "to rain". |
| Java, Modern Jav.: | ṅutus, "to send". |
| Islands near New Guinea, Sumbawarese: | ṅaji, "to teach". |
| Sumatra, Karo: | ṅapit, "to pinch". |
| Islands at the back of Sumatra, Mentaway: | maṅaray, "to climb". |
| Madagascar, Old Mlg.: | nilu, "to shine". |
Note A. — The WB's of these verbs are: sagni, kanro, inum, ujan, utus, aji, apit, karay, and ilu. The honetic processes here displayed, e.g. by ṅanro, have been discussed above. Old Mlg. nilu is for ṅilu, in strict conformity with phonetic law.
Note B. — Hova and the Mlg. of Ferrand's texts usually have the longer form of the prefix: man- < maṅ-, nilu is one of the few examples known to me of the shorter form; it occurs at the beginning of the sermon Tonih Zaṅahary.
