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country is Mount Mallus, the boundary of all that district being the Ganges.
(22.) This river, according to some, rises from uncertain sources, like the Nile,[1] and inundates similarly the countries lying along its course; others say that it rises on the Skythian mountains, and has nineteen tributaries, of which, besides those already mentioned, the Condochates, Erannoboas,[2] Cosoagus, and Sonus are navigable. Others again assert that it issues forth at once with loud roar from its fountain, and after tumbling down a steep and rocky channel is received immediately on reaching the level plains into a lake, whence it flows out with a gentle current, being at the narrowest eight miles, and on the average a hundred stadia, in breadth, and never of less depth than twenty paces (one hundred feet) in the final part of its course, which is through the country of the Gangarides. The royal[3] city of the Calingæ is called Parthalis. Over their king 60,000 foot-soldiers,
- ↑ For an account of the different theories regarding the source of the Granges see Smith's Dict. of Class. Geog.
- ↑ Condochatem, Erannoboam.—v. 1. Canncham (Vamam), Erranoboan.
- ↑ regia.—v. 1. regio. The common reading, however—"Grangaridum Calingarum. Regia," &c., makes the Gangarides a branch of the Kalingæ. This is probably the correct reading, for, as General Cunningham states (Anc. Geog. of Ind. pp. 518-519), certain inscriptions speak of 'Tri-Ka-linga,' or 'the Three Kalingas.' "The name of Tri-Ka- linga," he adds, "is probably old, as Pliny mentions the Macco-Calingæ and the Gangarides-Calingæ as separate peoples from the Calingæ, while the Mahâbhârata names the Kalingas three separate times, and each time in con-
