Central America Pictu re-Writing," "Observations on the Transit of Mercury at Mt. Hamilton," "List of Twenty-three New Double Stars discov- ered at the Caroline Islands by Edward S. Holden and Charles S. Hastings," and "A System of Local Warnings against Tornadoes."
HOLDEN, Oliver, psalmist, b. in Shirley, Mass.,
18 Sept., 1765; d. in Charlestown, Mass., in 1831.
While engaged in the carpenter's trade he
published his first book of sacred music, arranged in
three and four parts, entitled “The American
Harmony ” (1793). Most of this was original. Soon
afterward he published the “Union Harmony, or a
Universal Collection of Sacred Music”; “The
Massachusetts Compiler,” with Hans Gram and Samuel
Holyoke (1795); and edited “The Worcester
Collection of Sacred Harmony” (1797). The last was
a sixth edition, altered, revised, and corrected, with
an appendix containing new psalm-tunes. It was
printed upon movable types that had been
procured from England in 1786, by Isaac Thomas, of
Worcester, and is the oldest music-book that was
thus printed. Holden was the author of several
hymn-tunes, including “Confidence” and
“Coronation,” which are still popular.
HOLDEN, William Woods, journalist, b. in
Orange county, N. C, 24 Nov., 1818. He attended
a common school until he was sixteen years old,
was in a printing-office in Hillsborough, N. C, for
the next two years, and in 1841 was admitted to
the bar in Raleigh, N. C. In 1843 he bought " The
Raleigh Standard," and was its editor twenty-five
years. He served in the legislature in 1846, was
a member of the State convention in 1861, and
signed the ordinance of secession. He was ap-
pointed by President Johnson provisional governor
of North Carolina in 1865, declined the mission to
San Salvador in 1866, and in 1868 he was elected
governor, as a Republican, by popular vote. Re-
ports of " Ku-klux " outrages in the latter part of
1869, and early in 1870, caused the governor, by
virtue of authority that had been conferred on him
by the legislature, to issue a proclamation on 7
March, declaring the county of Alamance to be in
state of insurrection, and a similar one on 8 July
egarding Caswell county, and several arrests were
made with the aid of the militia. This action
caused much excitement, and the Democrats, in
addresses that were issued in March and July, as-
serted that the accounts of outrages were exagger-
ated, that the local authorities were fully able to
preserve order, and that the governor's course was
intended to influence the coming election. Gov.
Holden applied to President Grant for troops, and
at first refused to deliver the prisoners to the civil
authorities on writ of habeas corpus, but afterward
did so by advice of the U. S. attorney-general. The
accused persons were held for trial in their respect-
ive counties, and on 10 Nov. the governor pro-
claimed the restoration of civil authority. The
opposition to Gov. Holden on account of his course
in this matter culminated in the presentation by
the state house of representatives to the senate on
20 Dec, 1870, of eight articles of impeachment
against him " for high crimes and misdemeanors."
The senate declared him guilty of six of the eight
indictments, and ordered that he " be removed from
the office of governor, and disqualified to hold any
office of trust, honor, or profit under the state of
North Carolina." He removed to Washington and
edited the " National Republican," but afterward
returned to Raleigh and was postmaster.
HOLDER, Joseph Bassett, zoologist, b. in
Lynn, Mass., 26 Oct., 1824: d. in New York city, 28
Feb., 1888. He studied in Providence, R. I., and took
a course in the Harvard medical school. Subse-
quently he entered the U. S. army, and from 1860
till 1867 was surgeon-in-charge at the U. S. mili-
tary prison in Tortugas, Fla., and then assistant
post-surgeon at Fort Monroe, Va. In 1870 he was
appointed curator of invertebrate zoology, icthy-
ology, and herpetology in the American museum
of natural history, New York. He was a member of
several scientific societies and a fellow of the New
York academy of sciences. His publications in-
clude " History of the North American Fauna "
(New York, 1882); "History of the Atlantic Kight
Whales" (1883) ; and " The Living World " (1884).
— His son, Charles Frederick, naturalist, b. in
Lynn, Mass., 5 Aug., 1851, was educated at the
Friends' school in Providence, R. I., at Allen's
seminary, West Newton, Mass., and at the U. S.
naval academy in Annapolis, Md. From 1870 till
1877 he was assistant in the American museum of
natural history, and subsequently was connected
with the New York aquarium, for which he made
several trips to various parts of the United States
for rare specimens. In 1880 he settled in New
York city, and thenceforth devoted himself to lec-
turing on zoology in schools, and in literary pur-
suits. He is a member of scientific societies, and is
a fellow of the New York academy of sciences. Mr.
Holder has contributed to magazine literature, and
especially to periodicals for young people. He is
the author of " Elements of Zoology " (New York,
1885) ; " Marvels of Animal Life " (1885) ; " The
Ivory King" (1886); "Living Lights" (1887);
and " Wonder Wings " (Boston, 1887).
HOLDICH, Joseph, clergyman, b. in Cam-
bridgeshire, England, 20 April, 1804. He removed
to the United States in 1812, entered the Meth-
odist ministry in 1822, and officiated in Philadel-
phia, New York, and several cities of New Jersey,
until 1835, when he became assistant professor of
moral science and belles-lettres in Wesleyan univer-
sitv, Middletown, Conn. He was full professor in
1836-'49, and from 1849 till 1878 secretary of the
American Bible society, but failure of eyesight
compelled his resignation from this office in 1878.
He received the degree of A. M. from Princeton in
1822, and that of D. D. from La Grange college,
Alabama, in 1843. He has published " Bible His-
tory" (1833): "Life of A. H. Hurd" (1839); and
" Life of Wilbur Fisk " (New York, 1842).
HOLE-IN-THE-DAY, Chippewa chief, b. in
Minnesota about 1827; d. in Crow Wing, Minn.,
29 June, 1868. He was chief of the Chippewa
nation, displayed unusual intelligence, understood
something of the nature of civil government,
believed in the arts of peace, and realized the influence
and power of the white man. He married an
Irishwoman, and became one of the wealthiest men
in Minnesota, his possessions being valued at about
$2,000,000. At the beginning of the last Indian
war in Minnesota in 1862, it was his influence that
restrained the Chippewas from joining the unruly
Sioux in their assaults on the white settlers. He
was assassinated by Indians.
HOLGUIN, Carlos (ole-sboon'). South American statesman, b. in No vita, Colombia, 11 July. 1832. He studied in Cali and in a Jesuit college in Bogota. After the members of that society were expelled from Colombia on 18 May, 1850. Holguin continued his studies in the University of Bogota and was graduated as a lawyer in 1852. He has been always a warm defender of the Conservative party, in the tribune and the press, as a member of con-
gress and as the editor of several newspapers, such as "El Caucano" (1857) and "La Prensa" (1866-'8), and has actively opposed the Liberal party of his
