in 1804. — His son, Thomas Hill, statesman, b. in New Haven, Conn., in 1780; d. in Utica, N. Y., 22 May, 1857, was graduated at Yale in 1798, and be- gan the practice of law in Hamilton, N. Y. He was surrogate of Madison county, N. Y., in 1806-16, presidential elector on the Madison and Gerry ticket in 1812, and served in congress as a Demo- crat from 1817 till 1819, and from 1821 to 1823. He was also a presidential elector on the Polk and Dallas ticket in 1844, and on the Pierce and King ticket in 1852.— Thomas Hill's son, Bela, geologist, b. in Hamilton, N. Y., 23 April, 1814, was graduated at Hamilton in 1834, and soon afterward settled in Michigan. In 1837 he was appointed assistant geologist of that state, which office he held for three years. He was admitted to the bar in Detroit dur- ing 1842, and subsequently devoted his attention chiefly to real estate. Mr. Hubbard was one of the original members of the Association of American geologists and naturalists, and was first president of Michigan agricultural society, besides being a member of other associations. He has published various technical papers and pamphlets, many of which he has collected into " Memorials of a Half- Century " (New York, 1887).
HUBBARD, David, congressman, b. in Vir-
ginia in 1806. He removed at an early age to Ala-
bama, practised law, and became solicitor of his
judicial district. He was a member of the state
senate in 1830, and served in the legislature in
1831-53. He was elected to congress as a state-
rights Democrat in 1838, served till 1841, was a
presidential elector on the Polk and Dallas ticket
in 1845, and was re-elected to congress in 1849,
serving till 1851. He was a presidential elector on
the Breckenridge ticket in 1860, a member of the
1st Confederate congress, and in 1861 was appoint-
ed by it commissioner of Indian affairs. After the
close of the civil war he removed to Nashville,
Tenn., where he has since resided.
HUBBARD, Gurdon Saltonstall, trader, b.
in Windsor, Vt., 22 Aug., 1802 ; d. in Chicago, 111.,
14 Sept., 1886. He removed with his parents to
Montreal, Canada, when he was thirteen years old,
and was employed by the American fur company,
who sent him to Mackinaw as an Indian trader.
In November, 1818, he arrived at Port Dearborn
(now Chicago, 111.), and during the next seven
years made twenty-six trips from his trading-posts
in Illinois and Michigan by way of Chicago to
Mackinaw. In 1827 he began business in his own
name, and established several posts in Illinois.
When the Indian title to lands became extinct,
and trading unprofitable, he removed to Chicago,
and soon after, when the Winnebago war seemed
imminent, he volunteered to go to the Wabash
country, raised a volunteer company of 150 men,
and returned the seventh day, having travelled 250
miles by "Hubbard's Trail." During the Black
Hawk war, with the Indians of the Sac and Fox
tribes, he served in a Danville, 111., regiment. In
1832 he was a member of the legislature. Mr. Hub-
bard was a leader in all the most important of
Chicago's early enterprises. He built the first
warehouse, was the originator of the first line of
packets from Chicago to Buffalo, one of the com-
pany that established the first line of steamers to
Lake Superior, a director of the first savings-bank,
a founder of the first Episcopal church, a director
of the first state bank, built the first large hotel,
the Lake house, and was a director of the first
company to supply the village with water in 1836.
HUBBARD, Henry, senator, b. in Charleston,
N. H., 3 May, 1784; d. there, 5 June, 1857. He
was graduated at Dartmouth in 1803, studied law
under Jeremiah Mason, was admitted to the bar r
and began practice in Charleston, N. II. He was
in the legislature from 1812 till 1827, serving as
speaker during the last three years, was state
solicitor for Cheshire county, N. H., in 1823-'8,
and judge of probate from 1827-'9. He took his
seat in congress in 1829, having been chosen as a
Democrat, and served till 1835. In May, 1834, he-
was speaker, pro tempore, of the house. He was.
U. S. senator from 1835 till 1841, when he became
governor of New Hampshire, and in 1846-'9 was
U. S. sub-treasurer at Boston.
HUBBARD, John, educator, b. in Townsend,
Mass., 8 Aug., 1759 ; d. in Hanover, N. H., in 1810.
He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1785. and after
studying theology, became preceptor of the New
Ipswich and Deerfield academies, Mass. From
1798 till 1802 he was judge of probate of Cheshire
county, N. H., and from 1804 until his death was-
professor of mathematics and natural philosophy
at Dartmouth. He published an " Oration," deliv-
ered 4 July, 1799 ; " The Rudiments of Geogra-
phy " (1803) ; " The American Reader " (1808) ; and
an " Essay on Music " (1809).
HUBBARD, John, politician, b. in Readville,.
Me., 22 March, 1794; d. in Hallowell, Me., 6 Feb.,
1869. He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1816,
taught in Hallowell, Me., and in Dinwiddie county,
Va., and practised medicine there in 1822-'9. He
returned to Hallowell in 1830, was state senator in
1842-'3, and a hearty supporter of the liquor pro-
hibition act, known as the " Maine Law." He wa&
governor of the state in 1850-'3, having been cho-
sen as a Democrat, agent of the U. S. treasury in
1857-9, and in 1859-61 a commissioner under the
reciprocity treaty with Great Britain.
HUBBARD, Jonathan Hatch, jurist, b. in
Windsor, -Vt, in 1768; d. there, 20 Sept., 1849.
After receiving a liberal education he studied law,
was admitted to the bar in 1790, and practised
his profession with success until his election to
congress in 1808. He served till 1811, and in 1813
became judge of the supreme court of Vermont,,
continuing in office until 1845.
HUBBARD, Joseph Stillman, astronomer, b. in New Haven, Conn., 7 Sept., 1823; d. there, ID Aug., 1863. He was graduated at Yale in 1843, whither he had been attracted by Ebenezer P. Mason, then one of Yale's enthusiastic astronomers. Subsequently he studied mathematics and astronomy at home, and also taught for a while in a classical school, but early in 1844 he went to Philadelphia as assistant of Sears C. Walker, who had charge of the observatory of the high-school in that city.
In the autumn of the same year he was appointed computer of the observations of latitude and longitude made on Capt. John C. Fremont's expedition across the Rocky mountains. This work was accomplished so successfully that Prof. Alexander D. Bache. Col. John C. Fremont, and Senator Thomas H. Benton used their influence with Sec. George Bancroft to have him appointed professor of mathematics in the navy. He was so commissioned on 7 May, 1845, and was immediately as- signed to duty at the Washington observatory, of which he continued to be an officer during the remainder of his life. The first extended computation made by Prof. Hubbard after his assignment to the observatory was the determination of the zodiacs of all the known asteroids, except four previously published in Germany. In November, 1848, he presented to the Smithsonian institution the zodiacs of Vesta, Astrea, Hebe, Flora, and Metis. During the following year he prepared those of Hygea, Parthenope, and Clio, followed
