April, 1813, he became deputy assistant adjutant- general, and was present at the attack on Sackett's Harbor, where he was wounded. He was on active service in the campaign of 1814, participated in the action at Lundy's Lane, was severely wounded in the assault on Fort Erie, and succeeded to the command after the death of Lieut.-Col. William Drummond (q. v.). lie was afterward on military duty in Lower Canada, and subsequently retired to a property that he had purchased near the battle- field of Lundy's Lane.
LEONARD, William Andrews, clergyman, b.
in Southport, Conn., 15 July, 1848. His grand-
father, Stephen Banks Leonard, was a member of
congress from Tioga county, N. Y., in 1837-'41. He
was educated at St. Stephen's college, Annandale,
N. Y., and at Berkeley divinity-school, Middletown,.
Conn., and entered the ministry of the Protestant
Episcopal church. After holding pastorates in
Brooklyn, N. Y., he became rector of St. John's
church, Washington, D. C, where he still (1887)
remains. In 1880 he was chosen missionary bishop
of Washington territory, but declined. He has
published "Via Sacra" (New York, 1871), and a
" Brief History of the Christian Church " (1881).
LEONOWENS, Anna Harriette Crawford, author, b. in Caernarvon, Wales, 5 Nov., 1834. She was the daughter of Thomas M. Crawford, a British officer, who was killed by the Sikhs, in Lahore, and married Thomas Leonowens, of the British army, after whose death she was compelled to sup-
port herself. In 1863 she was selected to fill the
post of governess to the family of the king of Siam,
who had acquired English from the missionaries,
and desired that his children should be educated
in that language. She spent four years in Bang-
kok, occupying not only the place of instructor to
the royal family, but also that of secretary to the
king in his foreign correspondence. The present
king of Siam was educated under her special su-
pervision, and showed his enlightenment by the
abolition of slavery in 1868. She came to the
United States in 1867, and settled in New York
city, where she established a school for the edu-
cation of teachers in the kindergarten system.
Besides articles in the " Atlantic " and other maga-
zines, she has published " The English Governess
at the Court of Siam " (Philadelphia, 1870) ; " The
Romance of the Harem " (1872) ; and " Life and
Travels in India " (1884).
LEPROHON, Jean Lukin, Canadian physician, b. in Chambly, Lower Canada, 7 April, 1822. His grandfather, Jean P., a lieutenant in the French army, emigrated to Canada in 1758, and settled in Montreal after the conquest. The grandson attended Nicolet college, studied medicine, and was graduated at McGill college in 1843. He then
visited Europe, remained abroad till 1845, and on
his return began to practise medicine in Montreal.
Dr. Leprohan has been attached to the Montreal
dispensary as consulting physician since 1854. I n
1860 he was appointed, with another physician, to
examine the sanitary condition of Montreal, and
presented a valuable report. In 1870 he became
professor of hygiene in Bishop's college, which
chair he filled till within a few years. Dr. Lepro-
han has been Spanish vice-consul since September,
1871, and has been made a knight of the order of
Charles III. of Spain. He is one of the founders
of the Woman's hospital of Montreal, has edited
" La Lancette Canadienne," lectured on hygiene
before L'Institute Canadien, and has done much
for sanitary science in the province of Quebec. —
His wife, Rosanna Elenora, Canadian author, b.
in Montreal in 1832 ; d. there, 20 Sept., 1879. Her
maiden name was Mullins, and she was educated at
the Convent of Notre Dame, Montreal. At the age
of fourteen she became a contributor to the " Lit-
erary Garland " in Montreal, in 1851 she married
Dr. Leprohan, and in 1860 became connected with
the " Family Herald " there. She also wrote for
the " Boston Pilot " and other publications. Among
her works, many of which have been translated
into French, are " Ida Beresford," " Florence Fitz
Harding," "Eva Huntingdon," and "The Manor-
House of De Villerai." An edition of her poems
was published after her death (Montreal, 1881).
LERAY, Francis Xavier, archbishop, b. in
Chateau Giron, near Rennes, France, 20 April,
1825 ; d. there, 23 Sept., 1887. He studied in the
lyceum of Rennes in 1833-'43, and in the latter
year came to the United States, where he taught
for several months in Spring Hill college, near
Mobile, Ala., and then entered the Sulpitian college
of Baltimore, where he finished his theological
studies. He was next appointed prefect of St.
Mary's college, near Baltimore, afterward trav-
elled in the west as a missionary, and in 1852
was ordained priest and attached to the diocese of
Natchez. At the end of six months he was sent
to Jackson, Miss., where during the yellow-fever
epidemic of 1853 and 1855 he was unceasing in
his efforts to minister to the sick and dying. In
1857 he was sent to Vicksburg, where he formed a
parish, and in 1860 established the Sisters of Mer-
cy, whom he had obtained from Baltimore. In
1861,when the civil war began, he placed them in
the hospitals of Mississippi Springs, Jackson, and
Shelby Springs, while he went to the front as
chaplain in the Confederate army. After the
war he returned to Vicksburg, where he established
many institutions for the general good. In 1867
Vicksburg was visited by the cholera, during which
he showed the same fearlessness that he had exhib-
ited during the yellow-fever epidemics. In 1877
he was nominated bishop of Natchitoches, and was
consecrated in the cathedral of Rennes, France, on
23 April. He was rapidly restoring this diocese to
prosperity when he was made coadjutor archbishop
of New Orleans, 23 Oct., 1879, and administrator
of the temporalities of the diocese. The losses that
had been occasioned by the war had sunk the
church of New Orleans in debt, but its finances
prospered under his management. He succeeded
Archbishop Berche in December, 1883, and was
invested with the pallium in the cathedral of St.
Louis in January, 1885, with imposing ceremonies.
Most of the cities of the south sent deputations to
congratulate him on the occasion. Archbishop
Leray attended the third plenary council of Balti-
more, in November, 1884, where his ability for
organization and his knowledge of men and affairs
gave him commanding influence. He went to
Rome early in 1887, in connection with the ap-
pointment of a coadjutor, and fell sick while visit-
ing his birthplace in Brittany.
LERDAN, Nicolas Etienne (lair-don), West Indian physician, b. in Fort Dauphin, Hayti, in 1761 ; d. in Port au Prince in 1826. He played a conspicuous part in the revolution of Santo Domingo as secretary of the colonial assembly of Saint Marc in 1790, and participated in the up-
rising of Oge in the same year, for which he was tried at Port au Prince, but acquitted for lack of evidence. He then emigrated to the United States and practised medicine in New Orleans till 1797, when he returned to his native country and soon became a political leader. He strongly supported Toussaint l'Ouverture, and was imprisoned by Gen.
Victor Leclerc ; but after the defeat of the French
