year he returned to South Carolina, and was chosen a member of the legislature. He was surveyor- general in 1825, and secretary of state from 1831 till 1835, when he retired from public life.
HAMMOND, William Alexander, physician,
b. in Annapolis, Md., 28 Aug., 1828. He was
graduated at the medical department of the Uni-
versity of the city
of New York, and
entered the U. S.
army in 1849 as
assistant surgeon,
with the rank of
1st lieutenant. In
October, 1860, he
resigned to accept
the professorship of
anatomy and phy-
siology in the Uni-
versity of Maryland,
but at the begin-
ning of the civil war
he again entered the
army and was assigned to the organization of general hospitals in Hagerstown, Frederick, and Baltimore. Afterward the U. S. sanitary commission urged his appointment as surgeon-general of the army, and in April, 1862, he received this commission with the rank of brigadier-general. He instituted radical changes in the management of
his office, established the army medical museum
by special order, and suggested the plan of the
" Medical and Surgical History of the Rebellion."
Charges of irregularities in the award of liquor
contracts were made against him, and he was tried
by court-martial, and dismissed from the army in
August, 1864. He at once removed to New York,
where he settled in the practice of his profession,
and made a specialty of diseases of the nervous
system. In 1867-'73 he was professor of diseases
of the mind and nervous system in Bellevue hos-
pital medical college, and then was elected to a
similar chair in the medical department of the
University of the city of New York. He remained
there until 1882, when he became one of the found-
ers of the New York post-graduate medical school,
and has since delivered lectures on his specialty in
that institution. Dr. Hammond has also delivered
lectures in the medical department of the Univer-
sity of Vermont, and in 1870 became physician at
the New York state hospital for diseases of the
nervous system. In 1878 a bill was submitted to
congress authorizing the president to review the
proceedings of the court-martial, and, if justice
demanded, to reinstate Dr. Hammond. This
measure was passed by the house unanimously,
and by the senate with but one dissenting vote.
In August, 1879, it was approved by the president,
and Dr. Hammond was restored to his place on
the rolls of the army as surgeon-general and briga-
dier-general on the retired list. Besides contrib-
uting to current medical literature, he founded'
and edited the " Maryland and Virginia Medical
Journal," was one of the originators of the " New
York Medical Journal," and established the " Quar-
terly Journal of Psychological Medicine and Medi-
cal Jurisprudence," becoming its editor. His medi-
cal works in book -form include "Physiological
Memoirs" (Philadelphia, 1863); "A Treatise on
Hygiene, with Special Reference to the Military
Service" (1863); "Lectures on Venereal Diseases"
(1864); "On Wakefulness, with an Introductory
Chapter on the Physiology of Sleep " (1865) ; " On
Sleep and its Derangements" (1869); "Insanity
and its Medico - Legal Relations " (New York,
1866) ; " Physics and Physiology of Spiritualism "
(1870) ; " Diseases of the Nervous Svstem," which
has been translated into French and Italian (1871) ;
" Insanity in its Relation to Crime " (1873) ; " Lec-
tures on Diseases of the Nervous Svstem," edit-
ed by T. M. B. Cross (1874) ; " Spiritualism and
Allied Causes and Conditions of Nervous Derange-
ment " (1876 ; reissued as " Certain Forms of Ner-
vous Derangement," 1880) ; " Treatise on Insanity
in its Medical Relations " (1883) ; and " On Sexual
Impotence in the Male " (1883). He has also edited
" Military. Medical, and Surgical Essays," prepared
for the U. S. sanitary commission (Philadelphia,
1864), and translated from the German, Meyer's
" Electricity in its Relations to Practical Medicine "
(New York, 1869 ; new ed., 1874). Dr. Hammond
is the author of various novels, including " Robert
Severne ; his Friend and Enemies " (Philadelphia,
1867); "Lai" (New York, 1884); "Dr. Grattan"
(1884) ; " Mr. Oldmixon " (1885) ; " A Strong-Mind-
ed Woman, or Two Years After " (1886) ; and " On
the Susquehanna " (1887).
HAMOND, Sir Andrew Snape, British naval
officer, b. in Blackheath, England, 17 Dec, 1738; d.
near Lynn, Norfolk, England, 12 Oct., 1828. He
entered the British navy in 1753, served under Lord
Howe, and became a post -captain in 1780. At
the beginning of the Revolutionary war he joined
the " Roebuck," a forty-four gun ship, was pres-
ent at the occupation of New York, and destroyed
the " Delaware " frigate and other vessels engaged
in obstructing the Delaware river. He took part in
the unsuccessful attack on Mud island in October,
1777, as also in the successful one in November of
that year. He was knighted in 1778, acted as
captain of the fleet at the reduction of Charles-
ton, S. C. in 1780, and late in the year was ap-
pointed lieutenant-governor and commander-in-
chief of Nova Scotia. He returned to England
in 1783, was made a baronet on 18 Dec, of that
year, became a comptroller in the navy in 1794,
and retired in 1806 with a pension.
HAMPTON, Wade, soldier, b. in South Carolina in 1754 ; d. in Columbia, S. C, 4 Feb., 1835. He served with distinction in the Revolution under Marion and Sumter, and after the war was in congress in 1795-'7. He was a presidential elector in 1801, and in 1803-5 served again in congress, having been elected as a Democrat. He was made a colonel in the U. S. army in 1808, placed in command of one of the regiments that had been raised in apprehension of war with England, and in February, 1809, was promoted to brigadier-general, and stationed at New Orleans. In consequence of continual disagreements with his subordinates he was superseded by Gen. James Wilkinson in 1812, and during the war with England commanded a force on the northern frontier, having been given a major-general's commission on 2 March, 1813. On 26 Oct., 1813, at Chateaugay, he attacked Sir George Prevost, who repelled him with an inferior force. He afterward frustrated the attempt on Montreal by his unwillingness to co-operate with his old rival, Gen. Wilkinson. He resigned his commission on 6 April, 1814, and returned to South Carolina. He acquired a large fortune by land speculations, and at his death was supposed to be the wealthiest planter in the United States, owning 3,000 slaves. Gen. Hampton was
a fair example of the old-fashioned slave-holding oligarchs, being of a high, proud, stern, and inflexible character, and ably administering his large estate.— His son, Wade, b. 21 April, 1791 ; d. on a
