and St. Louis, and the Potsdam and Watertown railroads, between 1848 and 1857. During the civil war he was colonel of the 18th Massachusetts vol- unteers from 26 July, 1861, to 29 Nov.. 1862, par- ticipating in most of the battles of the Army of the Potomac during that period. He was promoted to be brigadier-general of volunteers 29 Nov., 1862, and was at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, the skirmishes of Aldie and Upperville, and the battle of Gettysburg, where he commanded a division and was severely wounded. Subsequently he was on court-martial duty or in command of posts un- til the close of the war, and was bre vetted major- general of volunteers 13 March, 1865. He was mustered out of the service 15 Jan., 1866. His health was permanently impaired by wounds and exposure, and, though he interested himself some- what in railroad affairs, he was never able to en- gage regularly in any business.
BARNES, Joseph K., surgeon-general U. S. A.,
b. in Philadelphia, 21 July, 1817; d. in Washing-
ton, D. C, 5 April, 1883. After preliminary school-
ing at Dr. Cogswell's " Round Hill " school at
Northampton, Mass., he entered the academical
department at Harvard, but was obliged, on ac-
count of his health, to leave college. He began
his medical studies under Surgeon-General Harris,
U. S. N., and was
graduated in the
medical depart-
ment of the Uni-
versity of Penn-
sylvania in 1838,
practising for
two years in his
native city. In
1840 he was ap-
pointed an as-
sistant sui"geon
in the army, and
assigned to duty
at West Point.
At the close of
the year he was
transferred to
Florida, where
for two years he
was with Gen.
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Harney's expedition against the Seminoles. Thence, iii 1842, he went to Fort Jessup, La., where he served four years. When the Mexican war began, Surgeon Barnes was appointed chief medical officer of the cavalry brigade, and he was in active service throughout the war. He was assigned to duty again at West Point in 1854, and remained there for several years. At the beginning of the civil war he was in Oregon, and was among the first summoned to Washington. In 1861 he was as- signed to duty in the office of the surgeon-general, where his experience in field and hospital service was of great value. Two years later he was ap- pointed to a medical inspectorship, with the rank of colonel, and in September, 1863, he was pro- moted at the request of the secretary of war to fill a vacancy in the surgeon-general's department, with the rank of brigadier-general. In 1865 he was brevetted major-general. For the position of chief medical officer of the army he had been fitted by twenty years of experience under all the condi- tions afforded by our military service. Under his care the medical department, then organized on a gigantic scale, attained an admirable degree of efficiency and discipline. It was at his suggestion and through his influence that the army medical museum and the library of the surgeon-general's office were established, and the medical and sur- gical history of the war was compiled. He was present at the death-bed of Lincoln, attended Sec- retary Seward when he was wounded by the knife of a confederate assassin, and attended Mr. Gar- field through his long confinement. He was a trustee of Peabody educational fund, a commis- sioner for the Soldiers' Home, and the custodian of other important public trusts. The royal medical societies of London and Paris and Moscow made him an honorary member, as did also many of the other important European schools. He was buried at Oak-Hill cemetery, Georgetown, D. C, with the military honors befitting his rank. He was placed on the retired list the year before his death.
BARNES, Phinehas, politician, b. in Orland,
Me., 11 Jan., 1811 ; d. in Portland, Me., 21 Aug.,
1871. He studied first at Phillips Andover Acade-
my and then at Bowdoin, where he was graduated
in 1829. For some time after leaving college he
was employed in a book-store, and then he edited
a paper in Bangor ; but these occupations not
being to his taste, he became, in 1834, professor of
Greek and Latin in Waterville (Me.) College, where
he remained for five years. In 1839 he took up
the study of law, and, after his admission to the
bar, established himself in Portland. He was at
various times solicitor for the Grand Trunk rail-
road, director of the Portland savings bank, trustee
of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence railroad sinking
fund, of the Maine General Hospital, of the State
Agricultural College, and a member of the board of
overseers of Bowdoin College. For six years he
edited the Portland " Advertiser," and was largely
interested in the political movements of the day.
He was one of the leaders of the whig party, and
a candidate for governor of the state on the Bell
and Everett (or Constitutional-Union) ticket in
1860. — His son, Phineas, engineer, b. in Portland,
Me., 10 Jan., 1842. He studied at the Lawrence
Scientific School, Cambridge, Mass. (1865), and at
the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N. Y.
(1866). Mr. Barnes has made a specialty of the
construction of iron and steel works, and for some
time has been associated with the American Iron
and Steel Works in Pittsburg, Pa. He is a mem-
ber of the American Institute of Mining Engineers,
to whose transactions he has frequently contributed
papers of technical value.
BARNES, Thurlow Weed, author, b. in Al-
bany, N. Y, 28 June, 1853. He was graduated at
Harvard in 1876; was chairman of the Albany
general committee in 1886 ; travelled in Europe
in 1882 ; and made the tour round the world in
1884— '5. He is a grandson of Thurlow Weed, and
is the author of the second volume of the " Life
of Thurlow Weed " (2 vols., Boston. 1884), and of
" Souvenir of Albany Bicentennial " (Albany, 1886).
BARNEY, Joshua, naval officer, b. in Baltimore, Md., 6 July 1759; d. in Pittsburg, Pa., 1 Dec, 1818. He left his father's farm while yet a child to go to sea, and navigated a vessel when but sixteen years old. He was made master's mate
of the "Hornet," one of the first cruisers fitted out by the continental congress, and took part in Com. Hopkins's descent upon New Providence and capture of British stores, in February, 1776. He was made a lieutenant for gallantry in the
action between the schooner "Wasp" and the British brig "Tender" in Delaware bay, and was assigned to the sloop " Sachem," which captured a British privateer. While prize-master on board a captured vessel he was taken prisoner, but was soon exchanged. In the spring of 1777 he took
