Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 1).djvu/578

At Cape Rouge he and his companions landed, gathered imaginary diamonds in the shape of quartz, and carried off some yellow glittering min- eral, which they fancied to be gold. They built two forts ; Cartier explored the rapids ab?ve Ploche- laga, and, owing to the discontent occasioned by the non-arrival of Roberval, or from other causes not yet ascertained, soon after his return to the forts, appears to have abandoned the prosecution of the enterprise, and reached the harbor of St. John simultaneously with the arrival of Roberval in June, 1542". The viceroy was indignant, and ordered him to return ; but Cartier succeeded, under cover of night, in abandoning the expedition, and, instead of proceeding to the St. Lawrence, bade adieu to New France on his way to the old, steered eastward, and returned to St. Malo. Of his subsequent fortunes very little is known. His merits as a discoverer were rewarded by a patent of nobility ; he owned a house at St. Malo, and the seigniorial mansion of Limoilou. It is said that Cartier, at the king's request, set out to fetch Ro- berval home, and we may infer that he did so. if it is true that he lived for many years at St. Malo, where Thevet, the cosmograplier, the personal friend of Cartier and Roberval, spent five months with him. He also says that Roberval died at Paris. Cartier called the St. Lawrence the " River of Hochelaga," or " the great river of Canada," limits the designation of " Canada " to a stretch of country from the Isle des Coudres to a point above Quebec, and says that the Indians called the country above Quebec " Hochelaga," and that be- low the city " Saguenay." " Canada," according to him, is an Indian word, and signifies a town. " lis appellent une ville, Canada," and in the Indian origin of the word he is sustained by other early French authorities, one of whom, however, renders it " terre," that is, " land," while another calls it an Indian proper name of unknown meaning.

CARTTER, David Kellogg, jurist, b. in Rochester, N.Y., 22 June, 1812; d. in Washington, D.C., 16 April, 1887. He was admitted to the bar, began practice in Masillon, Ohio, was elected to congress as a democrat, and served two terms, from 3 Dec., 1849, till 3 March, 1853. On March 27, 1861, he was appointed by President Lincoln minister to Bolivia, and remained there till 10 March, 1862. In 1863 he became chief justice of the supreme court of the District of Columbia.

CARTWRIGHT, George, English traveller, b. in Marnham, Nottinghamshire, in 1739 ; d. in 1819. He served in Germany in the seven years' war, and attained the rank of captain. Subsequently he made several voyages to Labrador, and in 1792 published a "Journal of nearly Sixteen Years' Residence on the Coast of Latjrador" (3 vols., Newark, England, 1792). Coleridge, the poet, says, relative to this narrative of travels and adventures, that the annals of his campaigns among the foxes and beavers interested him more than the accounts of the exploits of Marlborough or Frederick. — His brother, John, English author, b. in Marnham, Nottinghamshire, 28 Sept., 1740; d. in London, 23 Sept., 1824. He entered the royal navy in 1758, and served under Sir Hugh Palliser and Admiral Byron on the Newfoundland station. He acted as chief magistrate of the settlement for five years, and during this period explored the interior of the island, made the acquaintance of the aborigines, and discovered Lieutenant's lake. In 1771 failing health rendered his temporary retirement from the navy necessary. In 1774 he attracted attention by advocating the freedom of the colonies, and in 1775 published a tract entitled "American Inde- pendence the Glory and Interest of Great Britain." The tract advocated a union between the mother country and the colonies under separate legis- latures. Its publication led to a rupture of his friendly relations with Lord Howe, and completed the estrangement that had begun with his refusal to accept a commission in the army to war against the Americans. On 2 April, 1777, "he presented an address to the king, in which he recommended peace with the United States, and reiterated his proposal of a union, as suggested in his tract on American independence. He joined with Dr. Jebb and Granville Sharpe, in 1780, in forming the society for constitutional information. His zealous advocacy of the removal of parliamentary abuses, and the bestowal of the franchise upon all male adults, together with his active efforts in securing the election of a delegate designated as legislatorial attorney for Birmingham, subjected him to arrest, trial, and the payment of a fine. He published several political tracts, and in his " Letters on the Slave-Trade " favored making the traffic equally criminal with piracy. Charles James Fox regarded him as " one whose enlightened mind and profound constitutional knowledge placed him in the high- est rank of public character." His niece, Frances D. Cartwright, published his life and correspond- ence (2 vols., London, 1826). The work also con- tains a map of his discoveries and explorations in the interior of Newfoundland.

CARTWRIGHT, Peter, clergyman, b. in Am- herst CO., Va., 1 Sept.. 1785 ; d. near Pleasant Plains, Sangamon eo.. 111., 25 Sept., 1872. His father was a soldier in the revolutionary war, and about 1790 removed with his family to Logan co., Ky. At that time, according to his own account, there was not a news- paper printed south of Green river, no schools worth the name, and no mills within forty miles. Clothing was home-made from the cotton and flax, and imported tea, coffee, and su- gar were un- known. Meth- odist preachers had just begun to ride " cir- cuits " in that section, and the Rev. John Lur-

ton obtained

permission to hold public services in Mr. Cartwright's cabin when in the neighborhood. After a few years a conference was formed, known as the western conference, the seventh then in the United States. In 1801 a camp-meeting was held at Cane Ridge, at which nearly 2,000 persons were converted. Peter was then a wild boy of sixteen, fond of horse-racing, card-playing, and dancing. He was soon awakened to a sense of his sinfulness, but fought against his convictions for some time, plunging more recklessly than ever into his dissipations, until, after a night's dance and debauch at a wedding some miles from his father's house, he fell under conviction of sin, and began to pray. He sold a favorite race-horse, burned his cards, gave up gambling, to which he was greatly addicted, and, after three months' earnest seeking.