CATTELL. Alexander Gilmore, senator, b. in Salem, N. J., 12 Feb., 1816 ; d. in Jamestown, N. Y., 8 April, 1894. When a youth he was an assistant in his father's store. He was elected to the legislature in 1840, was clerk of the house of assembly in 1841-'3, and in 1844 a delegate to the State consti- tutional convention. He became a merchant in Philadelphia in 1846, a director of the mechanics' bank, and a member of the city council from 1848 till 1853. He returned to New Jersey in 1855, but continued his business in Philadelphia. He was one of the first presidents of the corn exchange association there, organized the corn exchange bank in 1858, and was its president from that year till 1871. He was elected U. S. senator from New Jersey in 1866, in place of John P. Stockton, who had been unseated, and served till 3 March, 1871, declining a re-election on account of impaired health. He was appointed by President Grant a member of the first civil-service commission, and served two years. He was financial agent of the government in London from 1873 till 1874, and en- gaged there in refunding the government loans at a lower rate of interest. While holding this office, he opened negotiations with the governing com- mittee of the royal exchange, and succeeded in altering the method of quotations of exchange between the two countries, and also of American securities, from the old, inaccurate, and confusing method to the present simple and approximately accurate system. During the same year he sug- gested to a syndicate of eminent English bankers a plan for the payment of the Geneva award of $15,500,000 without disturbance to the rate of ex- change. The plan was adopted by both govern- ments, and the amount successfully transmitted through Mr. Cattell's hands. He was one of the New Jersey state board of assessors charged with the taxation of railroad and corporate property, and is the author of the two exhaustive reports on railroad and oilier corporate taxation, submitted to the legislature in 1SS4 and 1885.— His brother, William Cassidy. educator, b. in Salem, 30 Aug., 1827: d. in Philadelphia, 11 Feb., 1808; was grad- uated at Princeton, and at the seminary in 1852, where he remained a year longer, pursuing oriental studies under Prof. J. Addison Alexander. Dur- ing 1853-'5 he was associate principal of Edgehill seminary, and from 1855 till 1860 professor of Latin and Greek in Lafayette college. He then accepted a call to the Pine street Presbyterian church in Harrisburg, Pa., where he remained for three years. In 1863 he returned to Lafayette as its president, and in that capacity accomplished his great life-work as a successful educator. Through his exertions more than $1,000,000 were obtained for the institution, extensive grounds were added, and commodious buildings were erected. The equipments were made of the highest order, and the system of instruction much enlarged and made thoroughly efficient. In 1880 he was appointed superintendent of public instruction for Pennsyl- vania, but declined the office. In 1864 he became a director of Princeton theological seminary. He received the honorary degree of D. D. from Han- over college and from Princeton, and that of LL. D. from Wooster. Dr. Cattell published nu- merous articles on educational topics, and also many sermons and addresses. Since 1883 he made Philadelphia his residence, where he held the office of corresponding secretary of the Presby- terian board of ministerial relief.
CAUCHON, Joseph Edward, Canadian author, b. in St. Rochs, Quebec, 31 Dec, 1816; d. in
Whitewood, Northwest territory, 23 Feb., 1885.
His ancestor was a member of the " Conseil Supe-
rieur," who came to Canada in 1636. and whose son
was a judge of the " Cour Royale," at the Isle of
Orleans. Joseph was educated at the seminary of
his native city, and admitted to the bar, but never
practised. He edited •' Le Canadien " from 1841 till
1842, and in the latter year founded " Le Journal
de Quebec," which he has conducted ever since.
He was elected for the county of Montmorency to
the Canadian assembly in 1844, and represented
that constituency until the union in 1867. In 1851
he was offered a seat in the cabinet, but declined,
and in 1852 his attempt to organize a French-
Canadian opposition failed. He was a member of
the executive council and commissioner of crown
lands, Canada, from January, 1855, till April, 1857,
in the MacNab-Tache administration, and under
his signature a report was published about the
time of his appointment attacking the monopoly
of the Hudson's bay company. He was commis-
sioner of public works in the Cartier-Macdonald
administration from June, 1861, till May, 1862. In
1867 he was called upon to form a government for
the province of Quebec, a duty that he failed to
accomplish, and the same year resigned his seat in
the assembly on being called to the senate, of which
body he was speaker from November, 1867, till July
1872, when he resigned to re-enter the House of
Commons. He became a member of the privy
council of Canada, and was president of that body
from 7 Dec, 1875, till 8 June, 1877, when he was
appointed minister of inland revenue, an office
which he held until his appointment as lieutenant-
governor of Manitoba, on 8 Oct., 1877. His pub-
lished works are : " Notions elementaires de phy-
sique " (Quebec, 1841) ; " ]&tudes sur I'union projectie
des provinces de Britannique de I'Amerique du
Nord " (1858) ; and " L'union des provinces de
I'Amerique Britannique du Nord " (1865).
CAULKINS, Frances Mahnvaring. author, b.
in New London, Conn., in 1796 ; d. there, 3 Feb.,
1869. She received the best education the country
afforded, and her tastes led her to improve every
opportunity for the cultivation of her intellectual
faculties. She gave especial attention to historical
reseai'ch, and was considered the best authority
regarding the local traditions and relics of New
London and Norwich and their vicinity, a region
rich in colonial tradition and in mementos of the
Indian tribes. She was for some time editor of
the " Christian Almanac," and of other publica-
tions of the American tract society. She wrote
tracts for the society, and '• A History of Norwich,
Conn." (Norwich, 1845), and "A History of New
London, Conn." (New London, 1852).
CAUPOLICAN (eow-po-le-can'), Chilian cacique, b. in Chili in the early part of the 16th century ; d. in February. 1558. During the Chilian war of conquest, several indecisive encounters had taken place between the Spaniards and the native
warriors, when Caupolican waited for the Spanish troops under Valdivia at the Tucapel valley, and completely routed them, after a long and fierce battle, 2-3 Dec, 1553. All the prisoners were sacrificed by the Indians, and. in spite of Caupoliean's endeavors to save Valdivia from the massacre, his Indians took the Spanish chief and cruelly put him to death. In April, 1554, Caupolican gained another victory against Villagran, who was the successor of Valdivia, and afterward, in the same year, took several places occupied by the Spaniards, burned Concepcion, and laid siege to Imperial, but Villagran forced him to raise it Garcia de Mendoza, who succeeded Villagran as governor of Chili in 1557, continued the war, rout-
