executed the order, and against Diaz. Chavero then was grand master of a masonic lodge, and expelled Mier y Terán from the brotherhood, and suspended Gen. Diaz from his masonic rights. This action gave Chavero great popularity. In congress Chavero also made a strong speech against Mier and Diaz, but afterward became one of his adherents. Chavero was elected senator in 1886, and is professor of the mining-school and law-school of Mexico. He is the author of the dramas "La Reina Xochitl" and "La tempestad de un beso," "Quetzalcoatl" "Los amores de Alarcón," "La hermana de los Ávilas," "El mundo de ahora," and others. His books relative to Father Sahagun and to the Sun-Stone are often referred to, and well known to antiquaries.
CHAVEZ APARICIO, Fray Trinidad (chah -
veth), Spanish missionary, b. in Segovia, Spain,
23 Feb., 1508; d. in Cuba, in August, 1582. He
studied at the University of Alcala, was ordained
priest at Toledo in 1530, and at once joined some
missionaries coming to America. After his arrival
at Vera Cruz, in April, 1531, Chavez travelled along
the Papaloapan river, and began his missionary
work in company with Fathers Diego and Jeronimo
de la Cruz. They converted many Indians, erected
several rustic buildings and dedicated them as
churches, and Chavez remained among the natives
after De la Cruz had died of fever in 1540. He
continued liis mission alone, baptized many ca-
ciques, taught thoin Spanish, and greatly improved
their morals and customs. According to Cardoso,
he noticed that the members of the Indian nobility
drank a special frothy beverage called " xocotl "
tried it, and gathered information about its com-
position and oi'igin, studied the cacao-plant and
its culture, and, on his return to Spain in 1570,
made the " chacolatl," which was called " choco-
late," a corruption of the Indian name. Chavez
was returning to Mexico when he died in Cuba.
He left a work entitled " Origenes y cultivo de la
planta del cacao."
CHEATHAM, Benjamin Franklin, soldier,
b. in Nashville, Tenn., 20 Oct., 1820 : d. there, 4
Sept., 1886. He served as captain of volunteers in
the Mexican war, distinguished himself at Monte-
rey, Medelin, and Cerro Gordo, and, after the ex-
piration of his twelve months' term of service, was
again mustered in as colonel of the 3d Tennessee
regiment, and served till the end of the war. He
was major-general of Tennessee militia after his
return, and was a farmer until 1861, when he en-
tered the army of the seceded states, being one of
the first Tennesseeans to enlist in the Confederate
service, and was early appointed a brigadier-gen-
eral. He commanded at Mayfield, Ky., in Septem-
ber, 1861, and at the battles of Belmont and Shiloh,
served subsequently at Columbus, Ky., was a di-
vision commander in Bragg's army when it entered
Kentucky in September, 1862, was soon afterward
promoted major-general, and was engaged at
Perryville, Stone River, being wounded and having
three horses shot in the second battle, and at
Chickamauga and Chattanooga, Nashville, and
other places. President Grant, who was his per-
sonal friend, offered him an appointment in the
civil service, but he declined. He devoted himself
chiefly to agriculture after the war, but served
four years as superintendent of state prisons, and
in October, 1885, became postmaster of Nashville.
CHECKLEY, John, clergyman, b. in Boston,
Mass., in 1680; d. in Providence, R. I., in 1753.
He published in London, in 1723, a reprint of Les-
lie's "Short and Easy Method with the Deists," to
which he added a " Discourse Concerning Episco-
pacy, in Defence of Christianity and the Church
of England," consisting of a rude attack on the
clergy and people of New England. For this he
was tried before the supreme court in Boston in
1724, and fined £50 for libel. He went to England
to take orders in 1727, intending to settle at Mar-
blehead, but the bishop of London refused to or-
dain a man who had rendered himself so obnoxious
to the New Englanders, and was a foe to Christians
of other persuasions in the community. Afterward
he was ordained by the bishop of Exeter, and sent
to Narragansett. He settled in Providence in
1739. He was a man of eccentric and irascible
conduct, but witty, learned in the classics, and
familiar with the Narragansett language. He
published, in 1715, " Choice Dialogues about Pre-
destination," which were answered by ' Thomas
Watter, who defended the Calvinistic doctrine,
and were republished with an " Answer by a Strip-
ling" in 1720. In 1727 appeared "The Modest
Proof of the Order of the Churches," the authorship
.of which was accredited to him, introducing the
Episcopal controversy into New England, and
eliciting replies from Martin Mar-Prelate and
Wigglesworth. He published also his speech upon
his trial, and reissued it in London in 1738.
CHEESHAHTEAUMUCK, Caleb, Indian, b.
in Massachusetts in 1646; d. in Charlestown, Mass.,
in 1666. He was the only Indian that was ever
graduated at Harvard college, having received his
degree there in 1665.
CHEESMAN, John Cummings, physician, b.
in New York city, 20 -July, 1788; d. there, 11 Oct.,
1862. Pie was graduated at the medical depart-
ment of Queen's college (now Rutgers) in 1812,
having for his preceptor Dr. Valentine Seaman.
Subsequently he resided in New York, where he
became known as one of the most eminent physi-
cians in the United States, and practised there for
almost half a century. He held many important
offices, among which were surgeon to the public
institutions (now Charity hospital) on Blackwell's
island, and surgeon to Bellevue hospital. For
forty years he was professionally connected with
the New Y^ork hospital. Dr. Cheesman was a mem-
ber of numerous medical societies.
CHEETHAM, James, journalist and author, b.
in Manchester, England, in 1772 ; d. in New York
city, 10 Sept., 1810. He was an English radical, a
trenchant writer, with a talent for invective, who,
escaping from the Manchester riots, came to New
York in 1798, and became editor of the " American
Citizen." In 1803 he published "Nine Letters on
Burr's Defection " ; in 1804 a volume entitled
"Reply to Aristides"; in 1809 a " Life of Thomas
Paine," reprinted in England in 1817. He was
originally a friend of Paine's, but became embit-
tered against him, and in writing the last-named
work was inspired by enmity. A corrected copy,
with revisions in the authors hand-writing, is pre-
served by the New York historical society.
CHEEVER, Ezekiel, educator, b. in London, England, 25 Jan., 1614; d. in Boston, Mass., 21 Aug., 1708. He was the son of a linen-draper, received a classical education, and emigrated to America in June, 1637, in order to enjoy freedom of worship. In 1638, with Davenport and Eaton, he founded New Haven, Conn. He was school-master there, and afterward at Ipswich and Charlestown, Mass., and subsequent to 6 Jan., 1671, had charge of the Latin school in Boston. Many of the leading citizens of the colony were his pupils. He published a volume of essays on the millennium, entitled " Scripture Prophecies Explained," and a "Latin Accidence," of which twenty editions were
