oner to the island of Providence and delivered to the buccaneer chief Morgan. This chief was moved by the venerable appearance of Fernandez, set him at liberty without ransom, and, hearing that he had been appointed bishop of Panama, made him a present of a costly chalice and pontifical robe which had fallen to his share in the sack of Panama in 1670, and conducted him with the greatest respect in one of his ships to Chagres. Scarcely had Fernandez arrived in Panama when he began preaching to the wild tribes of the Isthmus of Darien, spending his whole income in this task. His sermons were heard not only in the pulpit, but also weekly in the streets and public squares of Panama, until he died, poor but venerated by all.
FERNÁNDEZ LIZARDI, José Joaquoin,
Mexican author, b. in the city of Mexico in 1771;
d. there in June, 1827. He was graduated in 1787
at the University of Mexico as bachelor, and in
1789 as licentiate. In 1812 he was deputy magistrate
of Tasco, Guerrero, and as such delivered to
the revolutionary chief Morelos all the arras and
ammunition in that place on 1 Jan. In the same
year he moved to the city of Mexico, and began to
publish the newspaper "El Pensador Mexicano"
(The Mexican Thinker), under which name Fernandez
is now generally known. In this paper he
advocated free schools and compulsory education,
and one of his articles, in which he censured the
decree of the viceroy Venegas depriving the revolutionary
priests of the right to be judged in clerical
courts, caused his imprisonment for seven months.
As soon as he regained his liberty in 1813 he published
several articles on the plague, at that time
ravaging Mexico, and in the following three years
published many reviews, the best of which is called
"Alacena de Frioleras" ("The Locker for Trifles").
He also published at this time his most famous
work, "Periquillo Sarniento" (1816; new ed., illustrated,
2 vols., Mexico. 1884), a collection of fables
(1817), and "La Quijotita and Ratos Entretenidos"
(1819). After the Spanish constitution was
re-established in Mexico, Fernandez published several
pamphlets, one of which, a dialogue between
Chamorro and Dominiquin, caused his imprisonment
for the second time. In the next year he
published a paper called "El Conductor Eléctrico,"
and a series of articles, "Conversaciones del Payo
y el Sacristán." His defence of the freemasons
(1822) caused his excommunication, but, undaunted
by the prosecution of the clergy and reactionary
party, he published a second defence, his "Cartas
del Pensador al Papista," and "Defensa del Pensador
dirigida al Provisor," and "Ataque al Castillo
de Ulúa," and a political-moral paper called
"El hermano del Penco" (1823). He had to suffer
many prosecutions, and often to struggle with
poverty, but the lower classes adored him and
shared their bread with him. He also published
two novels, "Noches Tristes y Dia Alegre" (1823),
and "Vida y Hechos del Famoso Caballero Don
Catrin de la Fachenda " (Mexico, 1832).
FERNANDEZ MADRID, José, South American poet, b. in Cartagena, Colombia, 9 Feb., 1789; d. in Barnes-Terrace, near London, England, 28 June, 1829. In 1810 the University of Bogota conferred on him the degrees of doctor of laws
and doctor of medicine. He was active among those who took part in the war for independence, was elected deputy to the convention of Cartagena in 1811, and then representative to the congress of New Granada. He distinguished himself in the assembly, and became its president. When the
government of the united provinces of New Granada
was established in 1814, Madrid became
representative for Cartagena, and filled the office
until 1816. He succeeded Camilo Tones in the
presidency of the republic, 14 March, 1816, under
critical circumstances. The country was overrun
with Spanish troops, and he was obliged to retreat
before them to Popayán. He refused to surrender
to the Spanish colonel, Latorre, and continued
fighting valiantly against superior numbers, until
he was finally obliged to resign the presidency to
the congressional commission which accompanied
him. The patriots were then defeated by Samano,
their forces annihilated, and Madrid sought safety
in flight, but was soon taken prisoner and trans-
ported to Havana in 1816, He lived there several
years, supporting himself by practising medicine,
but in 1825 he returned to Colombia. He became
the confidential agent of the Colombian government
in Paris, and at the time of his death in
June, 1830, was minister to England. He published
a collection of poems under the title "Las
Rosas" (Havana, 1822); two tragedies, "Atala"
(1822), and "Guatimozin" (Paris, 1827); and articles
on "Cultivation," "Commerce," "The Cultivation
and Manufacture of Tobacco in Cuba," and
"Goitres"; medical notes on "The Yellow Fever,"
which have been translated into French; a metrical
translation of Delille's "Les trois règnes de la
nature," and numerous other works. — His son,
Pedro, author, b. in Plavana, Cuba, in 1817; d. in
Serrezuela, Colombia, 7 Feb., 1875, received his
early education in Havana and Colombia, completing
it in the University of Oxford, England.
After his return to Colombia in 1842 he was
president of the state of Boyaca, member of the
Federal congress, and for many years sub-secretary
of foreign relations, but declined repeatedly
to accept a portfolio himself, as he preferred to
lead a studious life, teaching in different colleges
and at the University of Bogotá, where he occupied
the chair of philosophy and foreign languages.
He was of very delicate constitution, and several
years before his death failing health forced him to
retire to the small village of Serrezuela, in the
mountains, about twenty miles from Bogotá, where
he died. He contributed several articles to periodicals
in Bogotá, on international law, and the
territorial rights of Colombia in the question of
boundaries with the neighboring republics, of
which he had made a profound study, and he also
published works on "Nuestras Costas Incultas"
and "La Costa de Mosquito."
FERNÁNDEZ-PEÑA Y ANGULO, Juan A. Ignacio, Venezuelan archbishop, b. in Merida in March, 1781; d. in Caracas, 18 Jan., 1849. He studied in the university of his native city, and was graduated as doctor in divinity in 1805 in Bogotá. He was then appointed to several parishes in the provinces of Barinas and Mérida, but, without neglecting his parochial duties, took an active part in the movement for the independence of South America, and in 1811 was sent by the province of Barinas as deputy to the first congress of Venezuela. During the whole struggle for independence he gave his services to his country as a member of the different legislatures of the united republics of Colombia, and, after the erection of Venezuela as an independent republic in 1830, was a deputy to the constituent congress for one legislative period. He served as professor of
theology and ecclesiastical law, and afterward as rector of the University of Mérida, and was prebendary, dean, and vicar-general of the cathedral of that city. His merits were acknowledged by congress by his nomination on 24 Jan., 1840, as archbishop to the vacant see of Caracas, and he was
