Christian Salvation : a Discussion with J. H. Wal- den " (Boston, 1869). A " Biography of Dr. Fisher " was published in Boston in 1880.
FISHER, Frances C., author, b. in Salisbury,
N. C. She is the eldest daughter of Col. Charles P.
Fisher, who was killed at the battle of Bull Run.
Her first novel, " Valerie Aylmer " (New York, 1870),
written for amusement, under the pen-name of
" Christian Reid," proved eminently successful.
She afterward published, in serial form, in"Ap-
pletons' Journal," a novel entitled " Morton House,"
a story of southern life of thirty years ago (1871).
Her other works are : " Mabel Lee " (1871) ; " Ebb
Tide" (1872); '"Nina's Atonement" (1873); "A
Daughter of Bohemia " (1873) ; " Carmen's Inherit-
ance" (Philadelphia, 1873); "A Gentle Belle"
(New York, 1875); "Hearts and Hands" (1875);
" A Question of Honor " (1875) ; " Land of the Sky "
(] S7.")) ; " After Many Davs " (1877) ; " Bonny Kate "
(1.S7S); "A Summer Idyl" (1878); "Hearts of
Steel" (1882); "Armine" (1884); "Roslvn's For-
tune" (1885) ; and " Miss Churchill " (1887).
FISHER, George Jackson, physician, b. in
North Castle, N. Y.. 27 Nov., 1825 ; d."in Sing Sing,
N. Y.. 3 Feb., 1893. He was descended from a
Dutch family of Westchester county, studied medi-
cine with Dr. Nelson Nivison, and in the medical de-
]iartment of the University of New York, where he
was graduated in 1849. He began practice in Meck-
lenburg, N. Y., and removed to Sing Sing in 1851,
where he was physician and surgeon to the stale
prison in 1853- '4. He was U.S. examining surgeon
for twenty years, and in 1874 was president of the
New York state medical society. He is the author
of " Biographical Sketches of Deceased Physicians
of Westchester County" (New York. 1861); "On
Animal Substances Employed as Medicines by the
Ancients " (1862) ; " Diplotei'atology, an Essay on
Compound Human Monsters," printed in the
" Transactions " of tire New York state medical
society (1865-'8); "On the Influence of Maternal
Mental Emotion in the Production of Monsters"
(1870); "Teratology" (1875); "A Brief History of
the Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood"
(1877); "Sketches of some of the Old Masters of
Anatomy, Surgery, and Medicine" (1880-'3) ; and
" History of Surgery," in the " International En-
eyclopaedia of Surgery " (1886).
"fisher, George Park, theologian, b. in
Wrentham, Mass., 10 Aug., 1827. He was gradu-
ated at Brown in 1847, and studied theology in the
divinity-school of Yale, and in that at Andover,
Mass. In 1852 he visited Germany, where he con-
tinued his theological studies. On his return from
Europe he was appointed professor of divinity in
Yale, and ordained pastor of the college church,
24 Oct., 1854. He filled this office till 1861, when
he was elected professor of ecclesiastical history in
Yale divinity-school. Harvard gave him the de-
gree of D. D. in 1886. He has been a frequent con-
tributor to the " New Englander," and became one
of its editors in 1866. He has also published nu-
merous articles in reviews in this country and
Great Britain. In 1865 he issued a volume en-
titled " Essays on the Supernatural Origin of
Christianity, with special reference to the Theo-
ries of Renan, Sti'auss, and the Tubingen School "
(enlarged ed., 1871). He published a " Life of
Benjamin Silliman " in 1866 ; " The History of the
Ciuirch in Yale College"; and "Discourses on the
Lives of Drs. N. W. Taylor and J. W. Gibbs." He
delivered, in 1871, a course of lectures at the Lowell
institute, Boston, on the Reformation, and from
these resulted a volume on the " History of the
Reformation" (1873). In 1877 he delivered twelve
Lowell lectures on the "Rise of Christianity, and
its Historical Environment." His later works are
" The Beginnings of Christianity, with a View of
the State of the Roman World at the Birth of
Christ" (1877); "Faith and Rationalism" (1879);
"Discussions in History and Theology" (1880);
"The Christian Religion" (1882); "The Grounds
of Theistic and Christian Belief" (1883) ; and " Out-
lines of Universal History " (1885).
FISHER, John Charlton, Canadian journalist,
b. probably in England ; d. at sea in September,
1849. After founding and editing the New York
" Albion," he went to Canada in 1823 to take charge
of the " Official Gazette," published at Quebec. In
1831 he was requested to cease publishing his politi-
cal articles, as they did not accord with the views
of the party then in power in Great Britain, and
thereafter the " Gazette " was reduced to a mere
official sheet. He edited the " Quebec ]\Iercury "
for a few years, and in 1841 began the " Conserva-
tive," a weekly paper. He was at one time presi-
dent of the Quebec literary and historical societv.
FISHER, John Dix, physician, b. in 1799;" d.
3 March. 1850. He was graduated at Brown in
1820, studied medicine, and received his degree
from Harvard in 1825. He aided in organizing the
Perkins institution for the blind in Boston, Mass.,
having first visited Europe to inform himself of
the methods of instructing the blind that were
practised there. He participated in the manage-
ment of the institution, and was also visiting phy-
sician to the Massachusetts general hospital. He
was the author of a " Description of the Distinct,
Confluent, and Inoculated Small-pox, Varioloid
Disease, Cow-pox, and Chicken-pox " (Boston, 1834).
FISHER, Jonathan, clergyman, b. in New
Braintree. Mass., 7 Oct., 1768; d". in Blue Hill, Me.,
22 Sept., 1847. He was the son of a Revolutionary
officer who died in the service, was educated by
his uncle, Joseph Avery, the minister of Holden,
Mass., and developed a remarkable aptitude for
handicraft work. He began late to prepare for
college, and was graduated with honor at Harvard
in 1792. He then studied theology at Cambridge,
acquiring unusual familiarity with the Hebrew
language, and was installed as the Congregational
minister at Blue Hill in 1796. While in college
he devised a phonetic alphabet and system of
stenography, which he used in writing his sermons.
He pursued for years the compilation of a Hebrew
lexicon on the plan developed at the same time by
other philologists, whose publications caused him
to abandon the project of .publishing his work.
He painted portraits, and engraved on wood the
illustrations to a work that he published on " Script-
ure Animals." He also published a volume of
" Miscellaneous Poems," chiefly on biblical subjects.
FISHER, Joshua, physician, b. in Dedham,
Mass., 17 May, 1748; d. in Beverly, Mass., 15
March, 1833. He was graduated at Harvard in
1766, studied medicine, and began practice. When
hostilities with Great Britain began in 1775 he
volunteered as surgeon on a privateer, and was
captured, but escaped to France, again entering
the service. After the war he settled in practice
at Beverly, Mass., and attained a high reputation
in his profession. He was an ardent student of
nature, and at his death bequeathed $20,000 to
found at Harvard a professorship of natural his-
tory, comprehending the three kingdoms — animal,
vegetable, and mineral — or a part of them. He was
president of the Massachusetts medical society.
He published a " Discourse on Narcotics " (1806).
See " A Brief Memoir of Joshua Fisher, M. D.,"
by Dr. Walter Channing.
