ideas, and banished him in 1854. In 1861 he returned to Cuba and assumed the editorship of "El Siglo," the organ of the Liberal party. In November, 1865. the Madrid government called a council to discuss political and financial reforms to be established in Cuba, and Count Pozos Dulces was among the delegates sent to Spain. There he advocated the introduction of white laborers and the abolition of slavery in the Spanish colonies. He returned to Cuba in 1867, and went to Paris in 1869, where he published several political, economical, and scientific memoirs. He was the author of a work entitled "Population and the Cultivation of Land" (Paris), and "Coleccion de Escritos sobre Agricultura" (3 vols., 1860).
FRIAS, Tomas, Bolivian statesman, b. in Potosi, 14 Jan., 1805 ; d. in La Paz, 15 Aug.. 1884. He began in early life to take an active part in politics, assisting in 1828, after the overthrow of
Sucre's government by Gamarra, to re-establish constitutional authority. In 1832 he was appointed by Gen. Santa Cruz secretary of legation in Paris, and was afterward several times deputy to congress, and secretary of state under the administrations of
Velasco in 1840, Jose Ballivian in 1841-'6, and Linares in 1858-'60. In 1861 he was sent as minister plenipotentiary to Chili, and in 1871 was again called to be secretary of state by Gen. Morales, who afterward appointed him president of the council of state. He temporarily assumed the executive power when Morales was assassinated on 25 Nov., 1872, and when Adolfo Ballivian was
elected constitutional president, Frias delivered the executive power to him in May, 1873, and was by him appointed vice-president. When Ballivian, toward the end of that year, was prevented by sickness from attending to his official duties, Frias assumed the presidency, and on the death of the former, 14 Feb., 1874, occupied the executive chair for the remainder of his term. His administration was one of the most progressive that Bolivia ever
had. In February, 1879, he was appointed minister to France, and as such signed a treaty of friendship and commerce between Spain and his country. On his return he retired to private life.
FRICK, Charles, physician, b. in Baltimore,
Md., 8 Aug., 1823; d. there, 25 March, 1860. He
studied at Baltimore college, and became a civil
engineer, but in 1843 he began the study of
medicine, and was graduated at the University of Maryland
in 1845. He early gave his attention to
auscultation, which was first introduced into Baltimore
by his brother-in-law. In 1847, with three others,
he organized the Maryland medical institute, a
preparatory school of medicine, and took in it the
department of practical medicine. In 1849-'56
Dr. Frick was attending physician to the Maryland
penitentiary. In 1855-'6 he took a conspicuous
part in the Baltimore pathological society, and in
the latter year was selected to fill the chair of
materia medica in the Maryland college of pharmacy,
which he had aided in organizing. In 1858, after
his return from an extended European tour, he
accepted the professorship of materia medica and
therapeutics in the University of Maryland, and at
the same time took charge of the medical department
of the Baltimore infirmary as visiting
physician. He published “Renal Diseases” (1850), and
contributed papers to the “Journal of Medical
Science” and other scientific periodicals.
FRIES, John, insurgent, b. in Bucks county,
Pa., about 1764; d. in Philadelphia about 1825. He
was of German descent, and was brought up on a
farm, though his tastes seem to have led him to
local politics or a military life. Contemporaneous
writers describe him as a tall, handsome young
man, who rode about the village of Lower Milford
with a feather in his hat and a sword at his side.
In the spring of 1799 the collection of what was
known as the “house- or window-tax” was forcibly
resisted in Northampton and the adjoining counties
of Bucks and Montgomery. When government
officers came to measure the houses, armed companies
of citizens seized and imprisoned them. Fries
was the captain of one of these regiments, and, pistol
in hand, rode at the head of the insurrectionists,
capturing officials and subjecting them to punishment
whenever any attempt was made to enforce
the law. In February, 1798, a public meeting
was held at the house of John Kline, of the township
of Lower Milford, and a paper drawn up and
signed by fifty-two persons, in which each signer
bound himself to resist the “window-tax” at any
cost. John Fries assisted in drawing up the paper,
and pledged himself to raise 700 men to support
the cause. At the head of this company of armed
men he went to Quakertown, arrested the assessors,
and liberated several prisoners whom the sheriff
had in charge. The next day he set out for Northampton,
and was on his way to Bethlehem with his
troop when he was met by a deputation from the
U. S. marshal, urging him to return. This he
refused to do till the marshal should consent to
release what prisoners he had in charge, and urged
his men to fire on the deputation if the marshal
should refuse. The prisoners were finally given
up when resistance seemed futile, and Fries's troop
dispersed amid the huzzas of the insurgents and
their sympathizers. After this, the militia was
called out, and Fries was arrested and put on trial
for high treason, in May, 1799. He was pronounced
guilty, and a new trial was held in April, 1800,
with the same result. Fries was resentenced to be
hanged, but, against the advice of every member of
his cabinet, President Adams pardoned him, and
issued a general amnesty for all the offenders.
Fries subsequently opened a tin-ware shop in
Philadelphia, and became rich and respectable.
FRIEZE, Henry Simmons, educator, b. in Boston, Mass., 15 Sept., 1817; d. in Ann Arbor, Mich., 7 Dec, 1889. He was clerk in a store in Pawtucket, R. I., and organist in various churches. He afterward entered Brown, where he was graduated at the head of his class in 1841. From his graduation till 1845 he was instructor in the university, and then, for nine years, Latin principal in the university grammar-school. In 1854 he resigned to accept the chair of the Latin language and literature in the University of Michigan, occupying it till his death. On the resignation of President Haven in 1869, Prof. Frieze acted as president of the university until 1871. In that year, owing largely to his influence, most of the privileges of the university were opened to women, and in 1886 they were received into all its departments. Prof. Frieze was the author of the system of inspection by which an official connection has been established between the university and the high schools of the state. In 1880-1, in the absence of President Angell on a diplomatic mission to China, Prof. Frieze again acted as president of the university. He exhibited much interest in musical matters there, acting for twenty years as organist, and organizing the University musical society. He was also very active in art matters. The degree of LL. D. was conferred on him by Chicago university and Kalamazoo college in 1870, by Brown university in 1882, and by the University of Michigan in 1885. Dr. Frieze contributed to various educational and philological magazines,
