advice of his friends, on entering the city, was wounded by a siiot fired from one of the' barricades, and died soon afterward. His poems inchide "A Colon," " A la Libertad," " A Pio IX," " Delirio," " La Segunda Vida," and "El Proscrito." He also wrote several dramas, which were represented in the theatres of Madrid, and were well received, and is the author of the novels '* El amor de una nina," and " Dos duelos a, 18 afios de dis- tancia." A complete edition of his works was pub- lished in Paris in 18(i3.
GARCIA DE SAN VICENTE, Nicolas, Mexican educator, b. in Acaxochitlan, 23 Nov., 1793 ; d. in Toluca, 28 Dec, 1845. He entered the Seminary of Puebla in 1809, and then studied civil and canonical law in the University of Mexico, where he was graduated in 1818. He was then appointed professor of etymology in Puebla, and in 1821 was
ordained priest and obtained the chair of grammar
and geography. In 1823 he was elected deputy for
the district of Tulancingo to the congress of Puebla.
During 1828 and 1829 he was president of the
Society for the protection of public instruction,
which he had founded. In 1839 and 1840 he was
professor of Latin and Spanish grammar at the
College of Tulancingo, where he continued till his
death. He wrote a great number of text-books
for schools, nearly all in verse. These include
" Extraeto de Ortografia " (Mexico, 1830) ; " Geo-
grafia de los Niiios" and " Cosmografia " (1839) :
" Geografia Fisica y Politica " (1840) ; " Ortologia
segiin Sicilia" (1843); " Reglas de Etimologia y
Sintaxis Castellana" (1845). He left unfinished
" Lecciones de Geometria," and also translated
from the French the Bible of Vence, and from the
Italian the " History of California," by Clavijero.
GARCIA-GRANADOS, Miguel (gar-the'-ah-
grah-nah'-dos), president of Guatemala, b. about
1825 ; d. in 1878. In May, 1871, he headed a revo-
lution against the reactionary government of Gen.
Vicente Cerna, and on 30 June was proclaimed
president, with Barrios as vice-president. Garcia
persecuted no person for his political opinions and
confiscated no property, and the country soon re-
covered tranquillity. In 1872 he invaded Hondu-
ras, and in the same year decreed full liberty of the
press, the extinction of religious orders, and the ex-
pulsion of the Jesuits. In February, 1873, there
was an attempt at rebellion, which was promptly
put down. On 8 May of that year, Garcia con-
vened the National assembly for the election of a
constitutional president, which election resulted in
favor of Gen. Jose Rufino Barrios,
GARCIA-MORENO, Gabriel, South Ameri-
can statesman, b. in Guayaquil. Ecuador, in 1821 :
d. in Quito, 6 Aug., 1875. He was graduated in
medicine m the University of Quito, and went to
Europe to finish his studies in natural science. On
his return he became professor of chemistry and
physics in the University of Quito, and in 1857
was elected its rector. In 1859, when the govern-
ment of President Robles was overthrown, he be-
came a member of the provisional government,
and in 1861 was elected president for four years.
Although his character was violent, and he
committed numerous cruelties, his administration
was beneficial to the republic. The signing of a
concordat with Rome in 1864 called forth numer-
ous revolutionary outbreaks, and, being invested
by congress with unlimited power, he proclaimed
himself dictator on 30 Aug. In 1805 he defeated
an armed invasion of Gen. Urbina, near Tambeli,
and in the elections of the same year favored the
presidency of Geronimo Carrillo, who was installed
in August, but Garcia-Moreno retained the actual
direction of public affairs. In 1867 he was appoint-
ed minister to Chili ; but, after the fall of the gov-
ernment of Carrillo in 1869, headed a revolution,
and again assumed dictatorial powers. In 1874
he issued a decree, giving to the pope the ten per
cent, of the revenue which belonged to the state.
In 1875 he was again elected president for another
term of six years, but on the eve of his reinstalla-
tion he was attacked in the gallery of the treasury
building by three persons and fatally wounded.
GARCIA-REYES, Antonio, Chilian lawyer, b.
in Santiago, Chili, in 1817: d. in Lima, Peru, 16
Oct., 1855. He studied law in the college of his
native city, and on his graduation entered the em-
ploy of the government. He was appointed pro-
fessor of philosophy and literature in the National
institute in 1837, and founded in 1838 " El Agri-
cultor," in 1841 the " Gaceta de los Tribunales,"
and in 1842 the first literary paper published in
Chili, •' El Semanario," of which he remained a
contributor for many years. He had been admit-
ted to the bar in 1840, and in 1843 he was a mem-
ber of the commission to form the military code.
In 1847 he was elected deputy to the National
congress, where he became noted for his eloquence,
and was appointed secretary of the treasury. He
was a member of the commission to revise the
civil code, and to edit the criminal code in 1852,
and in 1855 was appointed minister to France,
England, Rome, and the United States, but de-
clined on ^account of failing health.
GARCIAS, Gregorio, clergyman, b. in Cozar,
Spain, in 1554; d. in Baeza, Spain, in 1627. He
belonged to the Dominican order, was sent as a
missionary to America, and lived nine years in
Peru, where he was noted for his success in spread-
ing the gospel among the Indians. On his return
to Europe at the beginning of the 17th century he
was named professor of moral theology in the Do-
minican convent of Baeza. He published " Origen
de los Judios del Nuevo Mundo, examinado con un
discurso sobre las Opiniones Relativas" ("Valencia,
1607; Madrid, 1729), of which translations have
appeared in English, French, and German ; " Predi-
cacion del Evangelio en el Nuevo Mundo, viviendo
los Apostoles " (Baeza, 1625) ; " Ensayo Cronologico
para la Historia general de Florida " (Baeza, 1617) ;
and"Historia de la Monarquia de los Incas del
Peru" (2 vols., Madrid. 1729).
GARCILASO (or Garcias-Laso) DE LA VEGA, Sebastian, Spanish soldier, b. in Badajoz, Spain, about 1495 ; d. in Cuzco, Peru, in 1559. He was of the same family as the Spanish poet of the same name. Sebastian went to Mexico with Pedro de Alvarado, and when the latter returned to Guatemala, after the invasion of Quito, Garcilaso remained in Peru, and became a follower of Francisco Pizarro. After Pizarro's assassination he joined the royal governor, and was wounded at the battle of Chupas, 16 Sept., 1542. Pie then joined Gonzalo Pizarro, and was forced by him, on pain of death, to assist in his insurrection against the viceroy, Pedro de la Gasca. In the decisive battle of Xaquixaguana, 9 April, 1548, Garcilaso went over to Gasca's side at the turning-point of the
contest, and was afterward appointed governor of Cuzco, which office he held until his death. He was noted for his humanity to the Indians, and founded a hospital and other benevolent institutions for them. He married an Indian princess, niece of Huaina Capac, who was the son of the
Inca, Tupac-Yupanqui. — Their son, surnamed The Inca, Peruvian historian, b. in Cuzco, 12 April, 1537. The time of his death is uncertain, but it is supposed that he died in Cordova, Spain, a few years
