themselves. Among the trades, that of printing was proposed as adapted to this end, as the increasing number of books and newspapers in Italy would demand good printers. In the winter of 1871 it was suggested that a volume should be prepared by the authors living in Rome at that time, printed at the home, and sold for its benefit. Among the contributors were Matthew Arnold, Mary Cowden Clarke, William W. Story, William and Mary Howitt, Howard M. Ticknor, and George P. Marsh. The book was not completed until after her death, when it was printed at the home under the title of a “Wreath to the Memory of Mrs. Emily Bliss Gould.”
GOULD, James, jurist, b. in Branford, Conn., 5
Dec., 1770; d. in Litchfield, Conn., 11 May, 1838.
Richard, his great-grandfather, came from Devonshire
to Branford about 1700. James was graduated
at Yale in 1791, and was a tutor there in
1793-'5. In the latter year he entered the
law-school at Litchfield, Conn., and after his admission
to the bar became in 1798 associated with its
founder, Judge Reeve (see Reeve, Tapping), as
professor in that institution. He was raised in 1816
to the office of judge of the supreme court of
Connecticut, from which he was displaced in 1818 by
the adoption of the new constitution. In 1820
Judge Gould took the superintendence of the
school, and after the death of Judge Reeve, in
1823, continued to conduct it till 1833. He
published “Principles of Pleading in Civil Actions”
(New York, 1832; new ed. by Franklin F. Heard,
Albany, 1887). — His son, Edward Sherman,
author, b. in Litchfield, Conn., 11 May, 1808; d. in
New York city, 21 Feb., 1885, was an early
contributor of tales to the “Knickerbocker Magazine,”
to the “New World,” the “Mirror,” the
“Literary World,” and other journals. His signature
of “Cassio” in Charles King's “American”
was at one time well known. In 1830 he lectured
before the New York mercantile library association
on “American Criticism in American Literature,”
in which he opposed the prevalent spirit of
ultra-laudation as injurious to the interests of the
country. He published translations of Dumas's
“Travels in Egypt and Arabia Petraea” (1839); Dupré's
“Progress of Democracy” (1841); Balzac's “Eugénie
Grandet” (1841), and “Père Goriot” (1842); and
Dumas's “Impressions of Travel in Switzerland,”
Victor Hugo's “Handsome Pecopin,” and A. Royer's
“Charles de Bourbon” (1842-'3). In addition
to contributing to many literary and theological
journals, he wrote “The Sleep Rider; or, the Old
Boy in the Omnibus, by the Man in the Claret-colored
Coat,” and a parody on a report made to the
legislature regarding a riot which the police had
failed to suppress (1842). He signed himself “The
Man in Claret,” and the work made a sensation in
literary circles. Besides the foregoing, he
published “Abridgment of Alison's History of
Europe” (New York, 1843); “The Very Age,” a
comedy (1850); “John Doe and Richard Roe; or,
Episodes of Life in New York” (1862); “Good
English, or Popular Errors in Language” (1867);
“Classical Elocution” (1867); and “Supplement
to Duyckinck's History of the New World” (1871).
— Another son, John W., author, b. in Litchfield,
Conn., 5 Nov., 1814; d. at sea, 1 Oct., 1838,
took a voyage to South America for his health as
a common sailor in 1833, and in 1838 went again
as supercargo, but died on his way. In the intervening
years he wrote tales and sketches connected
with the sea, most of which were published in
the New York “Mirror.” A volume of these with
a memoir, and his journal of the voyage on which
he died, was issued by his brothers for private
circulation, under the title “Journal of a Voyage
from New York to Rio Janeiro” (New York, 1839).
GOULD, Jay, financier, b. in Roxbury, Delaware
co., N. Y., 27 May, 1836; d. in New York
city, 2 Dec., 1892. His early years were spent on
his father's farm, and at the age of fourteen he
entered Hobart academy, New York, and kept the
books of the village blacksmith. He acquired a
taste for mathematics and surveying, and on leaving
school found employment in making the surveys
for a map of Ulster county. The accuracy of
this work attracted the attention of the late John
Delafield, who applied to the legislature for aid
in the completion of a topographical survey of the
entire state by Mr. Gould. Mr. Delafield died
before any material progress was made, and Mr.
Gould undertook to make the surveys unaided.
During the summer of 1853 he completed a survey
of Albany county, and surveyed and mapped the
village of Cohoes, and in the following year made
the survey and map of Delaware county, and
organized and despatched parties to survey Lake and
Geauga counties, Ohio, and Oakland county, Mich.
From these surveys he accumulated $5,000. He
published a “History of Delaware County” (1856),
and while projecting other surveys was prostrated
with typhoid fever. On his recovery he became
acquainted with Zadock Pratt, who sent him into
the western part of the state to select a site for a
tannery. He chose a fine hemlock growth, erected
a saw-mill and blacksmith-shop, and with Mr. Pratt
was soon doing a large lumbering business.
Subsequently he bought out Mr. Pratt's interest, and
conducted the business alone till just before the
panic of 1857, when he sold out his entire plant. In
1857 he became the largest stockholder and a director
in the Stroudsburg, Pa., bank. Shortly after
the crisis he bought the bonds of the Rutland and
Washington railroad at ten cents on the dollar,
abandoning every other interest and putting all
his money into railroad securities. For a long
time he was president, treasurer, and general
superintendent of this company. He brought about a
consolidation of the Rensselaer and Saratoga road,
and with the proceeds removed to New York city
in 1859, established himself as a broker, and
invested heavily in Erie railway stock. He entered
the directory of that company and became president,
holding the office till the reorganization of
the directory in 1872. He next made large
purchases of the stocks of the Union Pacific, the
Wabash, the Texas Pacific, the St. Louis and northern,
the Missouri Pacific, and the Missouri, Kansas, and
Texas railroad companies, taking the latter out of
the hands of its receiver. He also invested deeply
in the stock of the Atlantic and Pacific telegraph
company, and on its consolidation with the Western
union he organized the American union (1879),
which was merged into the Western union in 1881.
In December, 1880, official records showed that Mr.
Gould was in control of 10,000 miles of railroad,
or more than one ninth of the entire mileage of
the country. Early in 1881 he became interested
in the elevated railroad system of New York city.
A doubt having been cast upon his financial standing,
he summoned several gentlemen to his private
office on 13 March, 1882, and spread before them
for examination certificates of stocks having a face
value of $53,000,000, all in his own name, and
offered to produce $20,000,000 more, if desired. In
March, 1887, Mr. Gould purchased a controlling
interest in the St. Louis and San Francisco railroad
company, which has an aggregate mileage of nearly
900 miles, and is a joint owner with the Atchison,
