the " Constitution," of the Mediterranean squad- ron, from 1835 till 1888, and in the Brazil squad- ron from 1839 till 1842. After being commis- sioned lieutenant, 2 March, 1841, he served on the store-ship " Lexington " in 1843-'4, in the home squadron, the navy-yard, Philadelphia, and the Mediterranean squadron. He was executive officer of the sloop " Decatur,'" of the Pacific squadron, in 1854-'6, operating against a combination of hostile Indians in Washington and Oregon territories. On 16 April, 1856, he was made commander and assigned the sloop "Decatur," and he commanded steam sloops in the Pacific squadron from 1861 till 1865. He became captain on 24 April, 1863, was on special duty in New York in 1866, held charge of the navy-yard. Mare island, Cal., in 1867-'8, and commanded the steam sloop " Pensacola," of the Pacific squadron, in the latter year. He was made commodore on 26 Nov., 1868, and had charge of the navy-yard, Pensacola, Pla., from 1 June, 1870, till 8 March, 1873. He was retired on 11 Dec, 1873, and made rear-admiral, 15 Aug., 1876.
MIDDLETON, Sir Frederick Dobson, British
soldier, b. in Belfast, Ireland, 4 Nov., 1825. His
father, Gen. Charles Middleton, a Scottish High-
lander, saw much service in India. The son was
educated at the Royal military college at Sand-
hurst, from which he obtained his commission with-
out purchase, 30 Dec, 1842. He served as ensign
in the 58th regiment in New South Wales, Norfolk
island, and in New Zealand against the Maoris in
1845-6. He subsequently saw service in India and
Burmah, and again in India during the mutiny of
1857-'8, where he was five times mentioned in de-
spatches, and recommended for the Victoria cross
for conspicuous bravery. He received the brevet
of major, and served as brigade-major to the field
force in Oude. He was with the 29th regiment in
England from 1859 till 1861, subsequently at Gib-
raltar and at Malta till November, 1862, when he
returned to England and passed through the
Hythe school of musketry and the Staff college,
and obtained a first-class certificate at the former.
He rejoined the 29th regiment in Canada in 1868,
became lieutenant-colonel in March, 1869, and held
various appointments in tlie service until the re-
moval of the imperial troops from Canada. In
July, 1870, he became superintending officer of
garrison instruction to the forces, in 1875 was pro-
moted to the rank of colonel, and in July, 1884,
was appointed general in command of the militia
of Canada. As such he commanded the field force
that was engaged in suppressing the rebellion in
the northwest provinces in 1885, and in recogni-
tion of his services received a grant of $20,000
from the Dominion government and the honor of
knighthood from the queen.
MIDDLETON, Peter, physician, b. in Scot-
land ; d. in New York in 1781. He was graduated
at the University of Edinburgh, and came to New
York, where he was one of the most eminent medi-
cal men in the middle of the 18th century. In
1750 he assisted Dr. John Bard in making the first
dissection on record in this country. In 1767 he
aided in establishing a new medical school in New
York, in which he was professor of pathology and
physiology from 1767 to 1776, and of chemistry and
materia medica from 1770 till 1776. This was in-
corporated with Kings (now Columbia) college, of
which he was govei'nor from 1770 till 1780. He
received the degree of M. D. from this school in
1768. He published a letter on the " Croup " in
the " Medical Repository " (vol. ix.), and " Histori-
cal Inquiries into the Ancient and Present Sys-
tem of Medicine " (1769).
MIÈGE, John Baptist (mee-ayzh), R. C. bishop,
b. in Chevron, Savoy, 18 Sept., 1815 ; d. in Wood-
stock, Md., 20 July, 1884. He became a member of
the Society of Jesus in 1836, and, after teaching for
several years in the Jesuit novitiate in Milan, he
finished his theological course in the college of the
order in Rome. He was ordained priest in 1847,
and in 1848 obtained leave to go on the Ameri-
can mission. He arrived in the United States in
the following year, and was appointed pastor of
St. Charles's church, St. Louis, but several months
afterward was made professor in the Jesuit novi-
tiate at Florissant. He subsequently held the chair
of moral theology in the University of St. Louis.
In 1850 he was nominated vicar-apostolic of the
Indian territory east of the Rocky mountains. He
sent an earnest remonstrance to Rome against his
appointment, but in the following year he received
a formal command to submit, accompanied by a
promise that he would not be required to separate
himself from the Jesuit order. He was consecrat-
ed bishop of Messena on 25 INIarch, 1851, in St.
Xavier's church, St. Louis, by Archbishop Kenrick.
The vicariate contained between 5,000 and 6.000
Roman Catholic Indians with a few hundred white
settlers. He resided at the Pottawatomie mission,
and shortly afterward built an industrial school
for the Osages, which he placed under the care of
the Sisters of Loretto, and provided priests and
churches for some of the other tribes. In 1853 he
went to Rome to lay the condition of his vicariate
before the pope. He also took part in a general
congregation of the Jesuits in that city, as procu-
rator for the order in the United States. In 1855
he moved to Leavenworth, where a small Roman
Catholic congregation had formed. In the follow-
ing two years several new churches were built, and
priests came from other parts to his aid. The
Benedictine order was introduced, and founded a
college in Atchison. In 1857 Nebraska was sepa-
rated from the jurisdiction of Bishop Miege, and
his authority then only extended over the territory
of Kansas. The Sisters of Charity opened an
academy, a hospital, and an asylum under his aus-
pices in Leavenworth, and other religious orders
established institutions in the vicariate. When he
resigned his charge in 1874 the state contained 48
priests and 71 churches, with a Roman Catholic
population of 35.000. He resided for some time in
the University of St. Louis, but was afterward
transferred to Woodstock, to which he returned
after founding a college in Detroit in 1877.
MIERS, John, British botanist, b. in London,
25 Aug., 1789; d. there, 17 Oct., 1879. He spent
many years in exploring South America, and pub-
lished, among other works, " Travels in Chili and
La Plata " (London. 1826) ; " Illustrations of South
American Plants" (1846-'57); and "Contributions
to Botany " (1851-71) ; also manv monographs.
MIFFLIN, Thomas, soldier, b. in Philadelphia,
Pa., in 1744; d. in Lancaster, Pa., 20 Jan., 1800,
He was graduated at Philadelphia college in 1760,
entered a counting-house, travelled in Europe in
1765, and on his return engaged in commercial
business in partnership with a brother. In 1772
and 1773 he was a representative in the legislature,
and in 1774 was one of the delegates sent to the
Continental congress, and served on important
committees. When the news came of the fight at
Lexington he eloquently advocated resolute action
in the town-meetings, and when troops were en-
listed he was active in organizing and drilling one
of the first regiments, and was made its major,
thereby severing his connection with the Quaker
society, in which he was born and reared. Gen.
