board of education from 1879 till 1880, and from 1876 till 1881 a manager of the public library of that city, to which he gave 5.000 volumes and 2,500 pamphlets as a nucleus for the " Mussey medical and scientific library," designed as a me- morial to his father. He received the degree of A. M. from Dartmouth in 1869.
MUTIN DE PRESLES, Saturnin Amable (moo-tang), French colonial magistrate, b. in Louisiana in 1721 ; d. in Cape Français. Santo Domingo, in 1779. He received his early education in New
Orleans, but finished his studies in Paris, and in
1746 became civil magistrate of Port Louis in
Santo Domingo. He was afterward appointed
civil justice of Cape Frangais, and member of the
privy council of the governor. In 1751 he pre-
pared, at the request of the colonial intendant, a
modified " code noir," or legislation for the slaves
in the French possessions, who were then governed
under the laws of the famous code noir that was
promulgated by Louis XIV. in 1685. The modifi-
cations that Mutin proposed were rejected in the
king's council as too favorable to the slaves, but
the adoption of his code was nevertheless left to
the discretion of the colonial governors, and it
probably replaced the Draconian code of 1685
everywhere in the French possessions. Mutin
composed also, at the instance of the authorities, a
" Histoire generale des iles du vent et sous le vent,
suivie d'un traite statistique de la population, des
esclaves, et du commerce de ces possessions " (6
vols., Paris, 1762). His other works include " Me-
moire sur le gouvernement de la colonie de Saint
Domingue, de 1700 a 1725 " (3 vols., 1765) ; " Rela-
tion du siege et de la defense de la ville de Saint
Louis en 1697" (Cape Frangais, 1772) : '• Memoire
a sa Majeste sur I'administration de la justice dans
les iles sous le vent, et des reformes a introduire "
(2 vols., Paris. 1775).
MUTIS, Jose Celestino (moo-tiss), Spanish
botanist, b. in Cadiz, 6 April. 1732 ; d. in Santa
Fe de Bogota, 12 Sept., 1808. After studying
mathematics he went through the medical course
at the College of San Fernando, in Cadiz, was
graduated at Seville, and appointed in 1757 pro-
fessor of anatomy in Madrid. In this city he be-
came acquainted with Linnfeus, who later called
him " phytologorum americanorum prineeps," and
named several plants in his honor. Mutis accom-
panied Don Pedro Mesia de la Cerda as his physi-
cian in 1760 to his viceroyalty of New Granada.
He was appointed professor of mathematics in the
College of Nuestra Seriora del Rosario, and was the
first to teach, in the viceroyalty, the Coperniean
system, which had been prohibited by the Spanish
government. Desiring to examine the plants of
the hot region, and to visit the silver-mines of
Mariquita, he left Bogota and resided first in La
Montuosa between Giron and Pamplona, and from
1777 till 1782 in Real del Sapo and Mariquita.
At La Montuosa he began his " Flora de Nueva
Granada," on which he bestowed forty years of
labor, but which remained unfinished at his
death. Mutis was the first to discover in New
Granada and distinguish the various species of
cinchona or Peruvian bark. He has described
them and their different properties in one of his
works, " El arcano de la Quina, o sea la historia
de Ids arboles de la quina." Among the most
important plants that he discovered and classi-
fied are the ipecacuanha of the river Magdalena.
the toluifera, and the myrosylum, from which are
extracted the balsam of Tolu and of Peni, the
tea-plant of Bogota, and the wintera granadensis.
Mutis also made known a plant called " Bejuco del
Guaeo," which is an antidote for serpent - bites.
In 1786 he discovered a quieksilver-raine near
Ibague-viejo. At his solicitation, with that of the
viceroy, the court of Madrid founded a royal
academy of natural history, with the name of
lExpedicion Botanica, and Mutis was appointed
its director. The academy first had its seat at
Mariquita and afterward at Bogota. Mutis ob-
tained the co-operation of the viceroy INfendinueta
in the construction in 1802 of an astronomical ob-
servatory in Bogota, and the first expenses were
met with the money from the sale of quinine that
Mutis had sent to Cuba. All the manuscripts and
drawings of the great work of Mutis, the " Flora
de Nueva Granada," were sent by Morillo to Spain.
He was a member of the Jardin botanico de Ma-
drid, the Sociedad Vascongada, and the Academy
of sciences of Stockholm.
MUTTER, Thomas Dent, physician, b. in Richmond, Va., 9 March, 1811 ; d. in Charleston, S. C., 16 March. 1859. He was graduated- at Hampden Sidney and at the medical department of the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania in 1831. He then went to
Paris and on his return settled in Philadelphia.
In 1841 -'56 he was professor of surgery in Jeffer-
son medical college. He wrote an account of the
salt sulphur springs of Virginia, an essay on " Club-
Foot," contributed various professional papers to
periodicals, and published an edition of Robert
Liston's " Lecture on the Operations of Surgery,"
with additions (Philadelphia, 1846).
MUY, Jean Baptiste Louis Philippe de Félix-Saint-Maime, Comte du. Fi-ench soldier, b. in Ollioules, France, 25 Dec, 1755; d. in Paris. 6 Jtuie, 1820. He was the nephew of Marshal du Muy, of France. Under the name of Saint-Maime he entered the service in 1766. and in 1775 became colonel of the regiment of Soissonnais infantry. He served under Rochambeau in this country in 1780-'2, and for his gallantry at Yorktown received the cross of St. Louis, a pension, and the brevet of brigadier. In 1784 he succeeded to the title of the Comte du Muy, and he was made field-marshal in 1788. He became lieutenant-general on 6 Feb., 1792, and in 1806 was appointed governor-general of Silesia. In January, 1811, he was created a senator. He commanded the 2d military division at Marseilles in 1812-'14, and was created a peer on 17 Aug.. 1815.
MUY, Nicholas Daneaux do, French soldier, b. in Beauvais, France, in 1651 ; d. in Havana, Cuba, in 1708. He was a knight of St. Louis, and after his arrival in Canada held a command at the
defence of Chambly in 1691. He commanded a battalion of regulars under Count de Frontenac in the expedition against the Iroquois in 1696. and soon afterward brought a re-enforcement to Iberville {q. V.) in Newfoundland. He did good service at the capture of Fort St. John, and it was proposed to make him its governor, but, as he considered the number of men allowed him insufficient for its defence, it was burned, and he returned to Placentia. He was appointed governor of Louisiana in 1707, but died on his way to the colony.
MUZQUIZ, Melchor (mooth - kith), Mexican soldier, b. in Santa Rosa, Coahuila, about 1790 ; d. in the city of Mexico, 14 Dec, 1844. He studied in the College of San Ildefonso, Mexico, intending
to follow a literary career, but took part in the revolution of 1816. He had risen to the rank of colonel when he was taken prisoner at the estate of Monte Blanco and condemned to death, but afterward included in a pardon by the Spanish government. Refusing to give his word to remain neutral, he joined the forces of Iturbide, and in
