quest of the Chilian authorities, overtook him and brought him back on 19 July to Buenos Ayres, where he was imprisoned. After his release, on 31 Oct.. he returned to France, where he was at one time an inmate of a poor-house in Bordeaux. Hav- ing again made partisans, he formed a cabinet, and, securing the support of a wealthy retired na- val ofRcer, was preparing a new expedition, when he died. Besides the works already cited, he pub- lished " Historique appel a la nation franyaise " (Paris, 1863) ; " Manifeste d'Orelie Antoine I., roi d'Araucanie et de Patagonie " (1864) ; " Retour en Prance du roi d'Araucanie et de Patagonie " (Mar- seilles, 1871) ; and other works.
ORELLANA, Francisco (o - rayl - yah' - nah),
Spanish adventurer, b. in Trujillo, Spain, about
1500 ; d. in Guiana in 1545. He was a school-mate
of Francisco Pizarro, and, following him to Peru,
participated in the conquest. In 1537 he rebuilt
the city of Guayaquil. He commanded the rear-
guard as Gonzalo Pizarro's deputy in the latter's
expedition of 1539 in search of El Dorado. They
arrived at the junction of Coca river with the Napo,
and Orellana was ordered with sixty men to ex-
plore the river in a boat and return with provisions.
He was rapidly carried down stream, but found
only villages of warlike natives. After many days
he reached the mouth of the Napo, where it joined
a mighty river, which he called Orellana. He re-
solved to continue down the latter, and, after being
at the point of starvation, reached a large village,
where, after a fight with the inhabitants, the ex-
plorers found abundant provisions and much gold.
Shortly afterward they arrived in the possessions
of a cacique named Aparia, who received them
well, and Orellana resolved to build a brigantine,
as his boat was in a precarious condition. A forge
was erected, from their old arms and stirrups
nails were made, and after thirty-five days the
brigantine was launched. On 20 June they dis-
covered many villages, where they were fiercely
attacked. According to Carvajal. the chronicler
of the expedition, the natives were commanded by
warlike women of imposing aspect, and lie was tQld
that the country belonged to women, who lived
alone in communities. Iq consequence the story
of an Amazon country became current, and this
name was given to the river that Orellana had
discovered. As they approached the ocean, they
made cordage from grass and sails from their
blankets and cloaks, took in water and provisions,
and coasted as far as the Gulf of Paria, which they
entered on 4 Sept., reaching on 11 June the island
of Cubagua, or, according to Garcilaso, Trinidad.
Orellana was certainly the first European to navi-
gate the Amazon for the greater part of its course.
He went immediately to Spain to give the king an
account of his discoveries and solicit the govern-
ment of the territory along the river. On 3 Feb.,
1544, he obtained a grant of the country under
the name of Nueva Andalucia, and he left San
Lucar on 11 May with four ships and 400 men,
accompanied by his wife. The expedition met
with many drawbacks, and, after several defeats by
the savages, Orellana died. His wife returned
with the few survivors to the island of Trinidad,
where she fixed her residence. A relation of Orel-
lana's first voyage, by Friar Gaspar de Carvajal,
was presented by the former to the king in 1542,
and is to be shortly published in Madrid.
ORGAZ, Francisco (or-gath), Cuban author, b.
in Havana in 1815 ; d. in Madrid in 1873. He was
educated in his native city, where he began his lit-
erary career by writing for the newspapers. In
1839 he went to reside in Madrid, Spain, and there
published a volume of poems, " Preludios del Ar-
pa" (1841), which has gone through several edi-
tions and given him a rank among the best lyrical
poets of Spanish America. He also translated into
Spanish several historical works, published a col-
lection of poems. " Las Tropicales," the subjects
being taken chiefiy from the traditions, uses, and
customs of the Cuban aborigines (Madrid, 1850),
and wrote two dramas.
ORGONEZ, Rodrigo (or-goan'-yeth), Spanish
soldier, b. in Oropesa about 1490 ; d. in Salinas,
near Cuzco, Peru, 26 April, 1538. He attained the
rank of lieutenant in the army of the Constable of
Bourbon, taking part in the famous attack on
Rome in 1527. According to some writers, he went
to Peru with Diego de Almagro, and according to
others, with the expedition from Guatemala under
Pedro de Alvarado (q. v.). He was the confiden-
tial friend of Almagro, and when the latter re-
solved to conquer Chili he appointed Orgofiez
second in command. When Almagro received the
royal appointment of governor of New Toledo,
Orgonez convinced him of the necessity of return-
ing to Peru to take possession of the government,
and after the refusal of Prince Manco-Inca-Yupan-
que {q. v.) to form an alliance with Almagro,
Orgoiiez was commissioned to attack him, and de-
feated the Indians. After Hernando Pizarro occu-
pied the city of Cuzco and refused to deliver it to
Almagro, Orgofiez surprised the city during the
night and captured Pizarro and his brother Gon-
zalo. He also took part in the battle of Abancay,
12 July, 1537, where he captured Alonso Alvarado,
and would have killed him but for the intervention
of Almagro. Orgoiiez was then sent with 200
soldiers to destroy the forces of Manco-Inca, who
had taken up arms in favor of Pizarro. and totally
defeated him. When Alonso Alvarado and Gon-
zalo Pizarro escaped, Orgofiez predicted Almagro's
ruin, and, although strenuously opposed to submit-
ting Almagro's rights to the decision of Father
Bobadilla, followed his chief faithfully till the un-
fortunate battle of Salinas, where he was killed by
one of the followers of Hernando Pizarro.
ORLANDO, Guseppe Alberoni d' (or-lan'-do), Italian clergyman, b. in Vicenza in 1709; d. in Rome in 1781. He became a Jesuit, and was employed in the missions of South America till the expulsion of the order in 1767, residing for many years in Cuzco, where he taught rhetoric and acquired a perfect knowledge of the Quichua language. He particularly applied himself to the interpretation of the Quipos, a collection of little knots and ribbons of dilferent colors, by means of which the Peruvians formerly recorded the principal events of history. Among his maid-servants was one that was supposed to be descended from Ilia, the inventor of the Quipos, and who pretended to know how to read them ; but she could afford little help to Orlando. The latter finally procured a manuscript of Canon Bartolome Cervantes, who lived among the Charcas in the 16th century, and by its means found a key to the Quipos. The authorities looked at first with favor on the labors of Orlando, and a royal order gave him permission to search for Quipos in the departments of state and in libraries, but, under the pretence that Orlando's mission would cause a revival of patriotic spirit among the Indians, this permission was afterward revoked, and he was even compelled to restore the Quipos he had procured. On his return to Rome he published " Historia del Peru " (2 vols., Rome, 1775), which threw new light on the subject of which it treated. Ferdinand Denis is the only modern writer that mentions the Quipos. Orlando
