Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 5).djvu/214

to Virginia on family affairs, and. having a de- sire to study law, he entered William and Mary with this object : but he never accomplished it. In 1792 he went to Scotland again, settled his fa- ther's estate, and, on coming hack to Virginia, surren- dered himself to a country life in Lunenburg coun- ty, regardless of religion and relig- ious obligations. In 1810 he united with a body of pro- fessing Christians. called " Republi- can Methodists," but the connection did not last long. In 1815 he became a candidate for or- ders in the Prot- estant Episcopal

church, and he was

licensed as a lay reader in February, 1816. So ac- ceptable were his services that St. James's church, Mecklenburg county, chose him for its rector before he was admitted into the ministry. He was ordained deacon in the Monumental church, Richmond, Va., 25 April, 1817. by Bishop Richard ('. Moore, and priest in St. George's church, Fredericksburg. H .May, 1817, by the same bishop. He received the degree of D. D. from Columbia in 1823. This -a me year he was called to Norfolk, Va., but declined : and also was invited to become assistant to Bishop Moore, in the Monumental church, Richmond. At this time he was elected first bishop < it' North Caro- lina, and was consecrated in St. Paul's church, Philadelphia, 22 May, 1823. William and Mary a l-o conferred upon him the degree of D. D. in In order to supplement his salary, he as- sumed the rectorship of Christ church, 'Raleigh, which he held for five years, during which time his health failed. He attended the general convention in Philadelphia in August, 1829. but. on his re- turn home, gradually sank until his death. Bishop Ravenscroft published numerous sermons that he preached on special occasions, and episcopal charges. After his decease these were republished, together with ill sermon-, -eleeted l,v himself, and a memoir of his life, edited bv Dr. (afterward Hi-lmpi Wainwright (2 vols.. New York, 1830).

RAWDON-HASTINGS, Francis, British soldier, b. in County Down, Ireland, 9 Dee., 1754; d. near Naples, Italy, 28 Nov., 1826. He was the son of the Earl of Moira, was educated at Oxford, and entered the army in 1771 as ensign in an infantry regiment. In 1773 he was sent to this country, and participated in the battle of Bunker Hill as cap- tain in the 63d foot. He became aide to Sir Henry Clinton, and took part in the battles of Long Klaiid and White Plains, and the attacks on Fort Washington and Fort Clinton. In 1778 he was ap- pointed adjutant-general, with the rank of lieuten- ant-colonel, and afterward he raised in New York a corps called the " Volunteers of Ireland," which he commanded. His conduct at the battle of Monmouth procured for him the command of a British corps in South Carolina, which hr In I ai the battle of Camden, 6 Aug., 1780. He remaini'd in the Carolinas after Lord Cornwallis's return to the north, attacked and defeated Gen. Xathanael Greene at Hobkirk's Hill, 25 April, 1781. reliesed Fort Ninety-Six, and fortified himself at Orange- burg. His last act before leaving this country was to order the execution of Col. Isaac Hayne (q. v.), for which he has been generally condemned. Owing to impaired health, he returned to England, ami on his voyage was captured by a French cruiser and taken to Brest. On 5 March, 1783, he was made Baron Rawdon and aide-de-camp to George III., and became an intimate friend cf the Prince of Wales. He succeeded to the title of Earl of Moira in 1793, and inherited the baronies of Hastings and Hungerford in 1808. He was appointed major- general, with the command of 10.000 troops, served under the Duke of York in the Netherlands in 1794, was intrusted with the direction of the expe- dition to Quiberon in 1795, and was made com- mander-in-chief of the British forces in Scotland and constable of the Tower of London in 1803. He effected a reconciliation between the king and the Prince of Wales, was made lord-lieutenant of Ire- land in 1805. became master-general of ordnance in 1806 under the Grenville and Fox ministry, and after the assassination of Mr. Perceval in 1812 made an unsuccessful attempt to form a cabinet. He received the order of the garter, and was ap- pointed governor-general of India in 1813, which post he held until 1823. The most important event of his administration was the successful termina- tion of the Nepaul war. and he was thus instru- ment al in laying the basis for England's power in India. On 7 Dee., 1816, he was created Marquis of Hastings, and in 1824 he became governor of Mal- ta. Lord Rawdon obtained from several engineers of the British army a series of sketches and water- colors of the principal events and scenes of his ex- perience in this country. Several of these were purchased by Dr. Thomas Addis Emmet, of New York, for his collection of the Signers. His private journal was edited and published by his daughter, the Marchioness of Bute (2 vols.. London, 1858).

RAWLE, Francis, colonist, b. in England about 1660 ; d. in Philadelphia. 5 March, 1727. He was a member of the Society of Friends. With his father, of the same name, he came to Pennsylvania in 1686, to escape persecution on account of his religious faith. He located 2,500 acres in Plymouth township, where, with a few others, he founded the settlement known as "The Plymouth Friends." In 1688 he was commissioned a justice of the peace and of the court of common pleas ; under the first city charter (1691) he is named as one of the six aldermen ; in 1092 he became deputy register of the wills; and in 1694 he was a commissioner of property. He was subsequently chosen to the provincial assembly, in which he served for ten years, and to the provincial council. He is said to be the first person in the British colonies in America that wrote on the subject of political economy and its application to local requirements. In 1721 he published " Some Remedies Proposed for the Restoring the sunk Credit of the Province of Pennsylvania : with Some Remarks on its Trade. Humbly Offerd to the Consideration of the Worthy Representatives in the General Assembly of this Province. By a Lover of this Country." Durinsr the following year numerous petitions came to the assembly, praying for the issuance of paper money. and a committee, with Rawle at the head, was appointed, to whom was committed " the drawing-up the bill for issuing bills of credit. r." The bill then drawn became a law. The paper money issued under it was the first in the province. In 1725 he published " Ways and .Means for the Inhabitants of Delaware to become Rich: Wherein the several Growths and Products of the-e Countries are demonstrated to ! a siillieient Fund for