War of 1812 "(1842): "Eight Years in Canada " (1847); "Matilda Monlgomerie" (1851): "Wan man-gee, or the Massacre of Chicago " (1852) ; and The Fall of Chicago " (1858).
RICHARDSON, John Fram, educator, )>. in
Vernon, Oneida co., N. Y., 7 Feb., 1808 ; d. in
Rochester, N. Y., 10 Feb., 1868. On his gradua-
tion from Madison university in 1835 he was made
tutor and then professor of Latin, which place he
held till 1850. He accepted in that year the same
chair in Rochester university, continuing in this
relation until his death. Professor Richardson be-
lieed he had discovered the true pronunciation of
Latin, as spoken by the ancient Romans, and in
the face of much opposition taught it to his pnpiU.
It has since been adopted by many of the foremost
educators. He published " Roman Orthoepy : a
Plea for the Restoration of the True System of
Latin Pronunciation " (New York, 1859), for which
he received an autograph letter of thanks from
William E. Gladstone.
RICHARDSON, John Smythe, jurist, b. in
Sumter district. S. C., 11 April, 1777; d. in
Charleston, S. C., 8 May, 1850. He was edu-
cated in Charleston, studied law under John J.
Pringle, and was admitted to the bar in 1799.
"While he was a member of the legislature in 1810
hi- was the author of the genera] suffrage bill,
which became a part of the state constitution, was
speaker of the house, and resigned to become state
attorney-general. He was appointed law judge in
1818, declined the nomination of the Republican
party for congress in 1820, and in 1841 became
president of the law court of appeals. He suc-
ceeded David Johnson as president of the court of
errors in 1846. and the next year successfully de-
fended himself in an attempt to legislate him out of
office on account of his alleged inability to perform
his judicial duties. His son. John Smythe, con-
gressman, 1). in Sumter district. S. C., 29 Feb., 1828,
was graduated at the College of South Carolina in
1850, admitted to the Sumter bar in 1852, and,
while practising his profession, also engaged in
planting. He served in the Confederate army
throughout the civil war, attained the rank of colo-
nel, and was a member of the South Carolina legis-
lature in 1865-'7, of the Democratic national con-
vention in 1876, and of congress in 1879-'83.
RICHARDSON, Joseph, clergyman, b. in Bil-
lerica, Mass., 1 Feb., 1778; d. in Hingham, Mass.,
25 Sept., 1871. He was graduated at Dartmouth
in 1802, and ordained pastor of the Unitarian
church in Hingham in 1806, which post he retained
until his death, surviving every person that was a
member of his congregation at his settlement. At
his death he was the oldest native citizen of Hing-
ham. He served in the Massachusetts constitu-
tional convention in 1820-'!, in the lower house of
the legislature in 1821-'3, and in the state senate in
1823. 1824, and 1826. He became a member of
congress in the latter year, served by re-election till
1831, and was succeeded by John Quiney Adams.
He devoted his subsequent life to his parochial du-
ties, to lecturing, and to literary work. His church
edifice is said to be the oldest in the United States,
having been built in 1681.
RICHARDSON, Nathaniel Smith, clergyman, b. in Middlebury, Conn., 8 Jan., 1810; d. in Bridgeport, Conn., 7 Aug.. 1883. He was graduated at Yale in 1834, and pursued theological studies at
the Episcopal general theological seminary, but was
not graduated. He was ordained deacon in Trinity
church, Portland, Conn., 8 July, 1838, by Bishop
Brownell, and priest in Christ church, Watertown,
Conn., in 1839, by the same bishop. He was assist-
ant minister of Christ church, Watertown, in
1838-'9, and its rector from 1839 till 1845, when
he accepted a call to Christ church, Derby, Conn.,
and occupied that post for four years. In 1848 he
removed to New Haven, Conn., and founded the
American Church Review," of which he was editor
and proprietor for twenty years. He received the
degree of D. D. from Racine college in 1849. He
became rector of St. Paul's church, Bridgeport, in
1868, and labored thereuntil 1881. In 1879 he es-
tablished a new weekly paper in the interests of the
Protestant Episcopal church, called ' The Guard-
ian," which he edited until his death. Dr. Richard-
son's publications include "Reasons why I am
a Churchman" (Watertown, 1843); "Historical
Sketch of Watertown, Conn." (New Haven, 1S45);
"Churchman's Reasons for his Faith and Practice"
(1846) ; " Reasons why I am not a Papist " (1847) ;
and " Sponsor's Gift " (1852; new ed., 1867). He
also contributed numerous valuable papers to the
" Church Review."
RICHARDSON. Richard, patriot, b. near
Jamestown, Va., in 1704; d. near Salisbury, S. C.,
in September, 1780. He followed the profession of
surveyor in Virginia, but in 1725 emigrated to
South Carolina, and settling in Sumter district,
which was then called "neutral ground," became
a successful farmer, was made a colonel of militia,
and in 1775 was elected from his district, a member
of the council of safety of Charleston. He was in-
strumental in the same year in quelling a danger-
ous revolt among the loyalist population of what
was known as the " back country," for which he re-
ceived the thanks of the Provincial congress, and
was made brigadier-general. He served in the
legislative council in 1776, and in the Provincial
congress, and assisted in framing the constitution
of South Carolina. He subsequently participated
in the defence of Charleston, was made a prisoner
of war at its fall, and sent to St. Augustine. Lord
Cornwallis made fruitless efforts to win him over
to the royalist cause. His health failing from
confinement, he was sent home, but died soon
afterward. Col. Tarleton subsequently burned his
house, and disinterred his body to verify his death.
His grandson, John Peter, statesman, b. at
Hickory Hill, Sumter district, S. C., 14 April. 1801 ;
d. in Fulton, S. C., 24 Jan.. 18(i4, was the son of
James, who was governor of South Carolina in
1802-'4. John was graduated at the College of
South Carolina in 1819, admitted to the bar at
Fulton in 1821, and extensively engaged in plant-
ing. He served in the legislature in 1824-'36,
steadily opposed nullification, and was an active
member of the Union party. He was chosen to
congress as a Democrat in 1836 to succeed Richard
Manning, served till March, 1839, and was governor
of South Carolina in 1840-'2. He then returned
to the practice of his profession, in which he con-
tinued until his death. He was a delegate to the
southern convention in 1850, president of the
Southern rights association in 1851, and a member
of the South Carolina convention in 1860, in which
he opposed secession.
RICHARDSON, William Adams, jurist, b. in
Tyngsborough, Mass., 2 Nov., 1821; d. in Washington,
19 Oct., 1896. He was graduated at Harvard,
and in the law department there, was licensed to
practise, and was judge-advocate and governor's
aid in Massachusetts. He was president of the
common council of Lowell in 1853-'4, of the Wameset
bank, and of the Mechanics' association. He was
appointed to revise the statutes of Massachusetts in
1855, and subsequently chosen by the legislature to
edit the annual supplements of the general stat-
