, came to this country the next year, and was classical teacher in Washington institute. New York city, in 1847-'9. He then studied theology, was licensed to preach in 1849, and became pastor of the Associate Presbyterian church in Providence, K. I. In 1853-'69 he occupied the pulpit of a Pres- byterian church in New York city. lie was acting pastor of the Congregational church at Saugatuck, Conn., in 18T2-'8, assistant editor of the " Homi- Irtir Monthly" in 1881-'3, and has edited the " Pulpit Treasury " since 1883. He has published " Jesus on the Holy Mount" (New York, 1869), and "Memorial Tributes" (1883).
SANDFORD, Lewis Halsey, jurist, b. in Ovid.
N. Y., 8 June, 1807 ; d. in Toledo. Ohio, 27 July,
1852. He studied law at Syracuse, N. Y., was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1828, removed to New York
city in 1833, and in 1843 was chosen assistant vice-
chancellor of the first circuit. He became vice-
chancellor in 1846, and from 1847 till his death
was associate justice of the superior court of New
York. He published " Catalogue of the New York
Law Institute" (New York, 1843); "New York
Chancery Reports" (4 vols., 1846-'50): and "New
York Superior Court Reports " (1849-'52). His
brother, Edward, lawyer, b. in Ovid, N. Y., 22
Sept., 1809 ; d. at sea, 27 Sept., 1854, received an
academic education, and at fifteen years of age set-
tled in Albany, where he engaged in teaching and
lecturing. He subsequently studied law, was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1833, began practice in New
York city, and in 1842 was appointed judge of the
criminal court of that city. He subsequently re-
turned to the bar, and took the. highest rank in his
profession. Mr. Sandford was a member of the
New York senate in 1843. He was lost in the
steamship " Arctic."
SANDIFORD, Ralph, author, b. in Liverpool,
England, about 1KI3 ; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 28
May, 1733. He was the son of John Sandiford, of
Liverpool, and in early life was a sailor. He emi-
grated to Pennsylvania, where he settled on a farm
and became a Quaker preacher. Sandiford was
one of the earliest public advocates of the emanci-
pation of negro slaves, and in support of his views
published "A Brief Examination of the Practice
of the Times, by the Foregoing and Present Dis-
pensation, etc." (Philadelphia, 1729; 2d ed., en-
larged, 1730). These were printed by Franklin
and Meredith. Franklin says, in a letter dated 4
Nov., 1789 : " I printed a book for Ralph Sandiford
against keeping negroes in slavery, two editions of
which he distributed gratis." Sandiford's doc-
trines met with but little favor, except among the
poor, who were brought into competition with
slave labor. The chief magistrate of the province
threatened Sandiford with punishment if he per-
mitted his writings to be circulated, but, notwith-
standing, he distributed the work wherever he
thought it would be read. Sandiford was buried
in a field, on his own farm, near the house where
he died. The executors of his will had the grave
enclosed with a balustrade fence, and caused a
stone to be placed at the head of it, inscribed : " In
Memory of Ralph Sandiford, Son of John Sandi-
ford, of Liverpool. He Bore a Testimony against
the Negroe Trade and Dyed ye 28th of ye 3rd Month,
1733, Aged 40 Years." See " Memoir of Benjamin
Lay and Ralph Sandiford," by Robert Vaux (Phila-
delphia, 1815; London, 1816).
SANDOVAL. Alfonzo de, Peruvian philanthropist, b. in Seville, Spain: d. in Carthagena, Spanish
America when a boy, was educated by the Jesuits
of Lima, joined their order, and devoted himself
to the care of the slaves, among whom he spent
the rest of his life. The object of most of his
writings was to advance the temporal and spiritual
welfare of the negroes. His principal works are
" Naturaleza sagrada y profana, eostumbres, ritos,
discipliua, y catecismo evangelico de todos los
Ktiopes" (Seville, 1627); "Vida de S. Francisco
Xavier y lo que obraron los PP. de la compaiiia
de Jesus en la India " (1619) ; and " De Instauramla
Aethiopum Salute " (Madrid, 1646).
SANDOVAL, Gonzalo de, Spanish soldier, b.
in Medellin, Spain, about 1496; d. in Moguer,
Spain, near the close of 1528. He was the young-
est of the lieutenants of Hernan Cortes, who, after
the subjugation of Montezuma, placed him in com-
mand at Villa Rica de Vera Cruz. He seized the
messengers of Narvaez, who demanded the surren-
der of the town, and sent them as prisoners to
Cortes, to whom he rendered effective aid in over-
coming his rival. He conducted operations against
the Aztecs from a post called Segura, near Tepcaca,
until the vessels were built for the attack by lake
on the capital, when he went to Tlascala to direct
their transportation. In the investment he occu-
pied the eastern approach, and in the first assault
he supported Alvarado in an attempt to gain Hit 1
market-place. He met Cristobal de Tapia, who
was sent to relieve Cortes, in December, 1521, and
in a council of officers obtained a delay. He was
the ablest and most conspicuous officer of Cortes in
his southern conquests, and accompanied him on
his return to Spain to confront his enemies, but
died immediately after landing.
SANDOVAL SILVA Y MENDOZA, Caspar de (san-do-val'), Count de Galve, viceroy of Mexico, b. in Saragossa about 1640 ; d. in Spain early in the 18th century. He was appointed to re-
lieve Melchor de Porto-Carrero, who had been
promoted viceroy of Peru, and arrived in Mexico,
17 Sept., 1688. Shortly afterward, hearing that
the French had founded an establishment in the
Bay of San Bernardo, he ordered the governor of
Coahuila, Alonso de Leon (q. v.), to expel them with
an expedition, which left Monclova in 1689. He
sent in 1690 an expedition of seven ships and 2,600
men to Santo Domingo to assist the governor of
the Spanish part of the island in expelling the
French from the western part, and on 21 Jan.,
1691, the latter were routed near Guarico (now
Cape Haytien), the French governor was killed,
and the city was sacked and burnt. In 1691 he
established several military posts in Texas, and
in the same year a presidio was founded in the Bay
of Pensacola. He was the first to establish schools
for the Indians, taught them Spanish, and gave
minor employments to those that were foremost in
learning. In 1692 the crop of corn failed, and the
consequent famine caused a mutiny in the capital,
in which the viceregal palace and several public
buildings were partially burnt. A second expe-
dition, in co-operation with the English fleet, was
sent in 1695 against the French establishments on
the northwest coast of Santo Domingo, and their
forts were destroyed. His health was declining,
and, after he had repeatedly petitioned the court
to relieve him, he obtained in 1695 permission to
deliver the executive to Bishop Juan de Ortega
Montanes, who took charge on 27 Feb., 1096. San-
doval then returned to Spain.
SANDS, Alexander Hamilton, lawyer, b. in Williamsburg, Va., 2 May, 1828; d. in Richmond, Va., 22 Dec., 1887. He studied at William and Mary in 1838-'42, but was not graduated, read law, and
in 1843 became deputy clerk of the state superior court. In 1845-'!) he held the same office in the
