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to the Kingdom of Hayti, with a Preface" (Lon- don, 1816); "Memoir on Slavery" (Philadelphia, 1818) ; " Address on Education " (1818) ; and " Hay- tian Papers " (Boston, 1818).

SAUNDEBS, Romulus Mitchell, statesman. b. in Caswell county, N. C., 3 March, 1791 ; d. in Ra- leigh. N. C., 21 April, 1867. His uncle, James S.-uiii- ders, represented Orange county in the Pmvmeial congress of North Carolina which met at Halifax, 4 April, 1776, and also in the congress held at the same place, 12 Nov., 1776, and was appointed colonel of the northern regiment of his county. James's younger brother, William, the father of Romulus, was an officer in the North Carolina line. The son was educated at the University of North Carolina, studied law in Tennessee, and was admitted to practice in that state in 1812, having been adopted by his uncle James on the death of his father. He returned to North Caro- lina and was elected to the house of commons from Caswell county from 1815 till 1820, serving as speaker of the house in 1819 and 1820. In 1821 he was elected as a Democrat to congress, where he served until 1827, and in 1828 he was chosen attor- ney-general of the state. In 1833 he was appointed by President Jackson one of the board of commis- sioners to decide and allot the amounts that were due citizens of the United States for injuries by France, as settled by the treaty of 4 July. 1831. In 1835 he was elected by the legislature judge of the superior courts, which post he resigned in 1840 to become the candidate of the Democratic party for governor, but he was defeated by John Moore- head. In 1844 he was again elected to congress, and in the Democratic national convention of that year he introduced the celebrated two-third rule, by which the votes of two thirds of all the members of the convention were made necessary lor a nomination. The adoption of this rule re- sulted in the defeat of Martin Van Buren for the nomination and the selection of James K. Polk. He continued in congress until 1845, when he was appointed minister to Spain. He was specially directed by President Polk to negotiate for the purchase of Cuba, and was authorized to offer $100,- 000,000 for that island. He returned home in October, 1849, and was elected to the house of com- mons from Wake county in 1850, where he was earnest in securing the construction of the North Carolina railroad, in the reconstruction of the Raleigh and Gaston railroad, and in the develop- ment of internal improvements by the state. He was elected judge of the superior courts in 1851, and one of the commissioners to revise and codify the laws of the state. He served as judge until 1805, when he was deposed by Gov. William W. Holden. SAL'VEUR, Bandoin (so-vur), Flemish natural- ist, b. in Ypres in 1779 ; d. in Brussels in 1832. He enlisted early in the French army, served in the West Indies," and afterward went to New Or- leans, where he became a wealthy merchant and devoted his leisure to the study of natural history and geology. Declining health and heavy losses in business decided him to return to Europe, and lie fixed his residence in a suburb of Brussels. His work* include "Carte geologique du delta du Mississipi " (Brussels, 1827) ; " Voyages scientifiques dans les bassins du Mississipi et de 1'Arkansas " (1S28); and "Etudes critiques sur les formations geologiques dans la vallee du Mi*>is>i|ii "(1830).

SAVAGE, Edward, artist, b. in Princeton. Mass., 26 Nov.. 1761 ; d. there. 6 July, 1817. He was originally a goldsmith, but later turned his attention to portrait-painting. Washington sat to him several times, and in 1789-'90 Savage painted his portrait for Harvard. He produced also the well-known " Family Group at Mount Vernon." This was for a long time exhibited in the museum that Savage established in New York, and is now owned by William F. Havemeyer. His portraits of Washington and Henry Knox were frequently engraved by the artist himself and by others.

SAVAGE, Edward Hartwell, policeman, b. in Alstead, N. H., 18 May, 1812. He received a public-school education, and since 1851 has served as a member of the police force in Boston, Mass., being chief of police in 1870-'8. Since 1861 hr has been justice of the peace for Suffolk county. Mass. He has published " Boston Police Recollections, or Boston by Daylight and Gaslight " (Boston, 1860), and "Five Thousand Boston Events from 1630 to 1880" (1884).

SAVAGE, James, antiquary, b. in Boston, Mass., 13 July, 1784; d. there. 8 March, 1873. He was descended from Maj. Thomas Savage, who came to Massachusetts from England in 1635. After gradu- ation at Harvard in 1803 he studied law, was ad- mitted to the bar in 1807, and served in both houses of the legislature. He was also a member of the executive council, and a delegate to the State constitu- tional conven- tion of 1820, filled several mu- nicipal offices, and was a mem- ber of the school committee. He was the founder of Provident in- stitution for sav- ings, the first savings bank in Boston, and the second in the United States, of which he was

also secretary,

treasurer, vice-president, and president, and for nineteen years he was treasurer of the Massachusetts historical society, of which he was also president, and edited several of its collections. Thackeray was much impressed by his sturdy individuality, and remarked to a friend: "I want to see that quaint, charming old Mr. Savage again." Edwin P. Whipple calls him "the soul of integrity," and says: "It is curious that James Sin a^v. the most eloquent of men when his soul was stirred to its depths, should now be particularly honored merely as an acute antiquarian. . . . His hatred of iniquity sometimes blazed out in a fury of wrathful eloquence which amazed those who specially esteemed him as a prodigy of genealogical knowledge, and even disturbed the equanimity of those who chiefly knew him as the most valued and trustworthy of friends." Harvard gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1841. For five years Mr. Savage was an associate editor of the " Monthly Anthology," which was founded in Boston in 1803 and continued until 1811. preparing the way for the " North American Review." The discovery of the missing manuscript of John Winthrop's journal in the tower of the Old South church, Boston, in 1816. led Mr. Savage to prepare and annotate the original manuscripts, which he published under the title of " John Winthrop's History of New England from 1630 to 1646. with Notes to illustrate the Civil and Ecclesiastical Concerns, the Geography, Settle-