em Presbyterian theological seminary, Pittsburg, Pa., lint not long afterward entered tile Episcopal general theological seminary. New York city. lie was not graduated, but was ordained deacon in St. George's church, New York, 7 July, 1859. by Bishop Boone, of Amoy, China, and priest, in the mission chapel. Shanghai, 28 Oct., 1860, by the same bishop. His field of labor was from the be- ginning in the China mission. In 1875 he was elected by the house of bishops to be the missionary bishop to China, but declined the post. When he was elected again in 1877 he accepted, fie re- ceived the degree of D. D. from Kenyon college, Ohio, in 1876, and that of S. T. D. from Columbia in 1877. He was consecrated in Grace church, New York, 31 Oct., 1877, and entered at once upon his duties. Bishop Schereschewsky's services were particularly valuable in the work of translating from the Hebrew the entire Old Testament scrip- tures into Mandarin Chinese. He was also one of the committee for translating the New Testament from the Greek into the same language. In con- junction with Bishop Burdon, of the English mis- sion, he translated the Book of Common Prayer into Mandarin Chinese. He also translated St. Mark's gospel into Mongolian, and has in preparation a " Dictionary of the Mongolian Language." His health having broken down, he sent in his resigna- tion to the bishops, and it was accepted in 1883.
SCHERZER, Karl von, German explorer, b.
in Vienna, Austria, 1 May, 1821. He became a
printer, but was left an independent fortune, and
travelled extensively. During the revolution of
1848 he took an active part in the discussion of
social and economical reforms, and in 1850 he was
exiled to Italy. He made there the acquaintance
of Dr. Moritz Wagner, and they resolved to explore
North America. Landing in New York in June,
1852, they visited all the principal states, Central
America, and the West Indies. On returning to
Vienna toward ths middle of 1855, he was appointed,
through the influence of the Archduke
Maximilian, afterward emperor of Mexico, a member of
a scientific commission that was destined to sail on
the frigate “Novara” in 1857 for a voyage round
the world. After his return in 1859 he was a
councillor of the board of trade, held an office in
the bureau of foreign relations, and was intrusted
with compiling the commercial statistics of the
empire. His works procured him letters of nobility
and the title of knight of the empire in 1866.
In 1869 he was placed at the head of an expedition
to explore eastern Asia, and he was afterward
Austrian consul-general in various places, but
retired toward the close of 1886. His works include
“Reisen in Nordamerika” (Leipsic, 1854); “Die
Republik Costa Rica,” with Moritz Wagner (1854);
“ Wanderungen durch die mittelamerik. Freistaaten
Nicaragua, Honduras, und San Salvador” (Brunswick,
1857); “Las historias del origen de los Indios
de la provincia de Guatemala” (Vienna, 1857);
“Beschreibende Theile der Reise der oesterreichischen
Fregatte ‘Novara’ um die Erde” (3 vols., with
illustrations, 1801-'2); “Aus dem Natur- und
Völkerleben im tropischen Amerika” (Leipsic,
1864); “Statistisch commerzieller Theil der
Novara-Expedition” (2 vols., Vienna, 1864);
“Statistisch commerzielle Ergebnisse einer Reise um die
Erde” (Leipsic, 1867); “Fachmännische Berichte
über die oesterreichisch-ungarische Expedition
nach Siam, China, und Japan” (2 vols., Stuttgart,
1871-2); “Smyrna” (Vienna, 1873); and “Das
wirthschaftliche Leben der Völker” (Leipsic, 1885).
SCHIEFFELIN, Samuel Bradhurst (shef'-lin),
author, b. in New York city, 24 Feb., 1811.
He was educated in private schools, and early
turned his attention to business, but contributed
largely to the religious press. His works include
“ Message to Ruling Elders, their Office and their
Duties” (New York, 1859); “The Foundations of
History: a Series of First Things” (1863); “Milk
for Babes: a Bible Catechism” (1874);
“Children's Bread: a Bible Catechism” (1874); “Words
to Christian Teachers” (1877); “Music in our
Churches” (1881); “The Church in Ephesus and
the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches” (1884);
and “People's Hymn-Book” (Philadelphia, 1887).
— His brother, Bradhurst, b. in New York city,
21 Sept., 1824, was educated in his native city, and
then entered the house that had been founded by
his grandfather, Jacob Schieffelin. He
subsequently became one of the firm of Schieffelin
Brothers, and retired from active business on the
formation of the present firm. Mr. Schieffelin
has been largely interested in political affairs, and
has connected himself with the People's party,
whose platform is the product of his pen. He
believes that no republic can exist where wealth is
allowed to accumulate in the hands of a small
minority, and favors a law limiting inheritance. In
1883 he was nominated by his party for state senator
from the 10th district of New York city, but
failed of election.
SCHIMMELIN, Alexander Oliver, styled also
Oeskmelin and Esquemeling, and generally known
under the French form of Oexmelin, Dutch historian,
b. in Flanders about 1645; d. in France in
1707. He studied medicine, but on 2 May, 1666,
embarked as a contract laborer on a vessel belonging
to the French company of the West Indies, and
was sold for thirty crowns to M. de La Vie, agent
of the company in Tortugas. After serving his
master for three years, he was freed, and enlisted
with the buccaneers, with whom he remained till
1674, when he returned to Europe on a Dutch vessel.
Later he made three voyages to South America
as surgeon on board Dutch and Spanish vessels.
The narrative of his adventures, written originally
not in Dutch, as it is claimed, but in French,
fell into the hands of Baron de Frontignières,
who published them with the title “Histoire des
aventuriers flibustiers qui se sont signalés dans les
Indes, contenant ce qu'ils ont fait de remarquable,
leurs mœurs, leurs entreprises, avec la vie, les
mœurs et les coutumes des habitants de Saint
Domingue et de l'ile de la Tortue; une description
exacte de ces lieux, ainsi que l'histoire de la
chambre des comptes des Indes Occidentales” (2
vols., Paris, 1684). The first volume contains also a
monograph on the flora, and fauna of South America.
An enlarged edition (4 vols., Trevoux, 1775)
contains the “Relation du voyage fait a la mer du
Sud avec les flibustiers en 1685-'7,” by Raveneau
de Lussan, and a “Histoire des pirates Anglais.”
The Dutch edition, which is claimed by some to be
the original, “Geschichte van de Vrebuyters van
America” (Amsterdam, 1700), is asserted by others
to be only a translation from the French.
SCHIMMELPFENNIG, Alexander, soldier,
b. in Prussia in 1824; d. in Minersville, Pa., 7
Sept., 1865. He served as an officer of the Prussian
army in Schleswig-Holstein in 1848, and soon
afterward came to the United States. At the
beginning of the civil war he was elected colonel
of a Pennsylvania regiment, which he commanded
during Gen. John Pope's campaign in Virginia.
For his services at Bull Run he was nominated
brigadier-general. The appointment was at first
rejected, but, on being presented again, was
confirmed in March, 1863, the commission dating from
