Brooklyn, X. V.. his last, lecture, and gave his last rour-o'of le-.-niis in the business college in New Y<>rk city. Hi- first publications on penmanship were issued in 1848 under the name of " Spencer and Ri<v'- ^-tc'in of Business and Ladies' IVn- manship," later published under the title of " Spcn- cerian or Semi-Angular Penmanship." His other publications on pniinan-hip appeared from 1855 till 1863. The "New Spencerian Compendium," issued in parts, was completed in 1886.
SPENCER, Sara Andrews, reformer, b. in
Savoiia, Steuben co., X. V., 21 Oct.. 1*37. Her
maiden name was Andrews. After graduation at
the normal school of St. Louis, Mo., in 1856, she
taught until she married Henry C. Spencer, a son
nf I'liitt R. Spencer, in 1864 and removed to Wash-
ington, D. C. On 14 April, 1871, Mrs. Spencer and
seventy-two other women of Washington attempted
to register and vote, but were refused. She then
brought suit in the supreme court of the District,
and Judge David K. Cartter's decision that " women
are citizen- I ml have not the right to vote without
local legislation " was reaffirmed by the U. S. su-
preme court in 1874. In 1871-2 Mrs. Spencer de-
feated the pending bill to license the "social evil "
in Washington. In 1873 she secured a bill from
the District of Columbia legislature for the reform
of outcast girls, and she was also the author of a
bill in congress for a girls' reform-school (1876).
From 1874 till 1881 she was secretary of the Na-
tional woman suffrage association, which she repre-
sented at the Republican presidential convention
in Cincinnati in 1S76, and delivered an address.
She also engrossed and signed the woman's decla-
ration of rights, presented at the Centennial cele-
bration in Philadelphia. In 1871-'6 she was presi-
dent of the District of Columbia woman franchise
association, and is general secretary of the Charity
organization society of the District of Columbia.
She has published " Problems on the Woman Ques-
tion " (Washington, 1871), and " Thirty Lessons in
the English Language " (1873).
SPENCER, Thomas, physician, b. in Great
Barrington. Mass., in 1793; d. in Philadelphia, Pa.,
30 May, 1857. From 1835 till 1850 he was pro-
fessor of the theory and practice of medicine in
Geneva (now Hobart) college, N. Y., and subse-
quently he held chairs in medical colleges in Chicago
and Philadelphia. Dr. Spencer served as surgeon
in the army during the war with Mexico. He was
president of the New York medical association, and
was the author of " Practical Observations on Epi-
demic Diarrhoea known as Cholera " (Utica, 1832) :
" Introductory Lecture at Medical Institute of
Geneva College " (1843) : li Lectures on Vital Chem-
istry, or Animal Heat" (Geneva, 1844-'5) ; and a
paper on " The Atomic Theory of Life and Vital
Heat "(1853). See "Memoir of Dr. Spencer," by
Sylvester D. Willard, 31. D. (Albany, 1858).
SPICER, William Francis, naval officer, b. in
New York city, 7 Feb., 1820: d. in the Boston
navy-yard, 29 Nov., 1878. He entered the navy as
a midshipman, 21 June, 1839, attended the naval
school at Philadelphia in 1843-'5, and became a
passed midshipman. 2 July, 1845. He cruised in
the steamer " Vixen " during the latter part of the
3Iexican war in 1846-'8. participating in the cap-
ture of Tuspan, and was promoted to master, 28
June, 1853, and, lieutenant, 25 Feb., 1854. His first
service during the civil war was in the steam frigate
Niagara" in 1861. He was commissioned lieu-
tenant-commander, 16 July. 1862, and commander,
2 Jan., 1863, served in the'North Atlantic blockad-
ing squadron in command of the steamer " Cam-
bridge," and took part in the attacks on Fort Fisher
in 1S(i:i-'5. He was commissioned captain. 22 April.
1S7H. and commanded the monitor "Dictator"
in 1874'5 during the threatened war with Spain
on account of the " Virginius" affair, after which
he was at the rendezvous at Boston in 187~>-'6.
!!< was made commodore, 25 April, 1877. and was
commandant of the Boston navy-yard until his
death. He was well known as a poet and inu-ii-ian,
and was the author of several popular ballads,
among which are "Absent Friends and y.iu. Mary,"
' The Gale," " Manhattan's Dear Isle." " Ah, who
can tell?" "The Commodore's Return," "Death at
Sea." ('oiniiiir Home." "All Hands, up Anchor,"
The Old Relief," " Off Scilly's Isles," " Adeline,"
Maurice," "The Norfolk Girls," "The Date of
'39," and " The Last Voyage."
SPICER, George Frederick, theologian, b.
in Klk Ridge Landing, Howard co., 31d., 17 Nov.,
1844. He was graduated at Baltimore city college
in 1863, and studied in Gettysburg theological
seminary and in the Lutheran seminary in Phila-
delphia, where he was graduated in 1867. In the
same year he was ordained to the ministry by
the ministerium of Pennsylvania. He received
the degree of D. D. in 1887 from Roanoke college.
Salem, Va. In 1864 he was called to the profr-Mii-
ship of German in the Philadelphia theological
seminary, which post he occupied till 1866. Im-
mediately after his graduation there he was called
to the professorship of German in the Keystone
state normal school, Kutztown, where he remained
in 1867-'8. On his removal thither he became pas-
tor of Lutheran congregations in and near Kntz-
town, which he served till 1883. Since October,
1883, he has been the pastor of St. Jlichael's Lu-
theran congregation, Allentown, Pa. He has been
professor of Hebrew in Muhlenberg college, Allen-
town, since 1887, president of its board of trustees
since 1886, and examiner in doctrinal theology of
the ministerium of Pennsylvania since 1882. He
is an occasional contributor to periodicals, and was
associate editor of the "Lutheran Church Review."
Philadelphia, in 1883-'5. He has published " Hut-
ter's Compend of Lutheran Theology." translated,
with Dr. Henry E. Jacobs (Philadelphia. 1868),
and " Wildenhahn's Martin Luther," translated
from the German (1883).
SPIELBERGEN. George van (speel'-bare-gen), Dutch navigator, b. in Huyden in 1557; d. in Amsterdam in 1621. He had acquired reputation as a pilot, and commanded in 1601 an expedition to explore the coast of Africa and the Indies, and in 1614 he was given charge of a fleet of seven vessels, with orders to reach the Indies by the Strait of Magellan. Sailing from Texel, 8 Aug., 1614, he ravaged the coast of Brazil, and, after several engagements with the Portuguese. In wintered upon the Patagonian coast. On 7 March, 1615, he sighted the Cape of the Virgins, but was driven back by winds and currents, and entered the Strait of Magellan, 1 April, and the Pacific on (i May. after the loss of a vessel. After touching at Chiloe, he landed on the island of Santa 3Iaria. where he destroyed the Spanish establishments. He attacked Valparaiso, put to flight a Spanish fleet of six vessels near Callao on 17 July, and entered that port on 21 July, but went to the island of San Lorenzo for repairs. After trying to burn the city of Paita in December, he sailed for the Asiatic coast. He visited the Ladrone archipelago, and, after being defeated in the Philippine islands by Admiral Ronquillo. he arrived in Batavia, where he seized the vessel of Schouten and 1,1'inaire (q. r.i. returning safely to Texel in August, 1618. The journal of the voyage of Spielber-
