Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 7).djvu/27

He was secretary of legation in Austria in 1864, was transferred to Italy in 1866, to Switzerland in 1875, and totlic L'niteJ States in 18T7. At Wash- ington at this time the SiMiiiish minister was Seizor Don Peli[)e Mendez de Vigo, the third secretary (Bmnetti Ijeing first secretary) was Don Luis Polo V Bemabe. who afterward was minister at Wash- ington at the outbreak of the war with Sjiaiii in 1(h8, and the naval attaehi was Comandante Don Jnan Montojo, who afterward was in command of the Spanish fleet destroyed by Admiral Dewev in Manila harlmr, 1 May, 1898. 'in 1882 the duke of Arcos was sent as minister to Bolivia. He was transferred to Uruguay in 1890, to Chili in 1891. and to Mexico in 1895. While minister to Mexico he married at Washington, in 1895, Virginia Woodbury Lowery, whom he ha<l met when he was first secretary of legation at Wiisihington. He was umpire between Mexico and (tuatemala for the settlement of claims iii 1897-'8. Just before war broke out between Spain and t he United .States he was recalled from Mexico to a position in the foreign office at Madrid. When diplomatic relations were resumed by the two countries after the treaty of Paris, he was appointed minister at W',.^i,i.,,.t..,i andas such wasrcceiTe<l by President M:i 3 June, 1809. He is a grandee of S]> ~ al.i<> chamberlain of the king of Spain.

AKMOL'R, Philip Danforth. merchant, b. in Stockbridge, Madison co., N. V., 16 May. 18:t3. lie receivixl a com- mon-school educa- tion in his native place, and in 1852 went to California during the gold fever, but retume<l in 1856 and en- tered business in Milwaukee, Wis. In 1863 he formed a [lartnership with John PlanKintiiii in the pork-|>a<'k- ing business. This and its related

bouses grew, till in

1870, with headquarters in Chicago, thej already controlleil an enormous business in stock and grain. The distributive sales of the Chicago house alone are said to exceed the gross receipts of any railroad in the world. In 1881 Mr. Armour's brother. Joseph, die<l, leaving $100.- 000 to found a charitable institution, to which he has xlded until the Armour mission and the Annonr institute of ti>ohnology now represent an investment i)f $2..')0<».000. .Air. Armour has also given freelv tn othiT rharities.

AKMSTRONG, David Maltland. artist, b. near Newburg, N. V.. 12 June, 1887. He was gradu- ated at Trinity college, and later practised law for a few years. He then studied art in Paris and Itome, and was for four years consul-general in Italy. He was a director of the American art de- partment at the Paris exposition of 1878. receiving the decoration of the Legion of honor. P'or many years Mr. Annstronghas been the head of a suc- cessful decorative-glass establishment in New York city. He is a member of the .Society of American artists, of the Architectural league, and of the National sfx-ietv of rniirnl paiiitirs.

ARMSTRONG, Samuel 4'hniiman, soldier, b. in Hawaiian islands. 30 Jan.. 18^9: d. in Hamf>- ton, Va., 12 May, 1893. His parents were mission- aries to the Hawaiian islands, where he resided un- til 1860. After graduation at Williams in 1862 he entered the volunteer array as a captain in the 125th New York regiment, and in 1863 was made lieutenant-colonel of the 9th U. S. colorc<l infantry. Subsequently he was colonel of the 8th U. S. col- ored regiment. He was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers on 13 March, 1865, and after the war went to Hampton, Ya., to work among the frced- men. Gen. Armstrong was a founder of the Hamp- ton normal and agricultural institute for negroes in 1868, and since that date until his death served as its principal. In 1878 Indians were admitted. He was succeeded as princifial by the Kev. Ilollis B. Frissell, for many years connected with the in- stitution as his assistant. The Hampton institute has l)een a great Ix-neftt to the Indians and negroes, and is now abundantly endoweil.

ARNOLD, Abraham Kerns soldier, h. in Bed- ford, Pa., 24 March. 1837. He entered the U. S. military aca<lemy in July, 1854. was graduated July, 1859. and appointed brevet 2d lieutenant in the 2d cavalry; he was commissioned 2«l lieuten- ant 28 June, 1860. In April. 1861. he was pro- moted 1st lieutenant, and in August following was transferred to the 5th cavalry. From June, 1861, to May, 1862. he serveil as regimental ail- jutant. He was brevetted captain in June, 1862, for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Gaines's Mill, and received his commission as captain in July following. In May. 1864. he was brevetted major for gallant and meritorious ser- vice in the battle of To«Id's Taveni, Va. He was firomoted major of the 6th cavalry in June, 1889, ieutenant-colonel of the 1st cavalry in June, 1886, and colonel in February, 1891. At the outbreak of war with Spain in 1898 he was ap|H)inte<l briga- dier-^neral, and assigned to the commaml of the 2d division of the 7th armv-corps. with which he served in ('ul)a. He publistied " Notes on Horses for Cavalry Service" (New York, 1869).

ASCENiCION. Antonio de la (ahs-fh?n-theo n), S|>anish navigator, b. in Salamanca in 1560; d. in I'uebla, Mexico, in 1623. He studied mathematics in the university of his native city, and navigation in the college of pilots of Seville. About the end of the 16th century he went to Mexico, where, in 1600, he entered the order of barefooted Carmelites, and when the viceroy, the Count de Monterey, despatched the second expedition under Sebastian Vizcaino to California in 1602, hearing of Ascen- ci^n's geographical knowledge, he obtained from bis su|>eriorB [lermission to send him as cosmog- rapher with the expedition. On Vizcaino's return, Ascencion retire<l to the convent of Puebla. where he died. He wrote " Viaje del nuevodescubrimien- to. que sc hizo en la N. K. [wrel mar del Sur. desde el puerto do Acapulco hasta el capo Mendozino en 1602. ycndo [lor general .Sebastian Vizcaino," the manuscript of which existed in the library of Ramirez de Prado. according to Nicolas Antonio, who extracted i>art of it in his " Bibliotheca His- |iana Nova" (linme. 1672).

ASHRURNER. William, mining engineer, b. in StfK'kbriflge, Mass.. 2S March. 1831; d. in San Francisco. ( 'nl.. 28 .March. 1888. He was educated in his native town until 1849, when he entered the Lawrence scientiflc school of Harvard, and after two years went to Paris, where he studieil mining engineering at the Ecole des mines. Return- ing to this country, he was employed in making examinations of various mining properties in the Lake Superior region In the interest of a French enterprise. In 1859 he explored a part of Newfoundland for a telegraph company. In 1860 he