and settled as a physician in New York city in
1809, becoming lecturer on anatomy at the College
of physicians and surgeons and editor of the
"Medical and Physiological Journal." lie was
president of William and Mary college from 1814
till 1826, when he resigned, resumed practice in
New York city.and was president of the College of
jhysicians and surgeons in 1831-'43. lie pub-
ished numerous addresses, lectures, and essays, in-
cluding an " Introductory Discourse before the New
Medical College, Croslry Street, New York City "
(New York, 1837) ; " Functions of the Nervous
System " (1840) ; " Mutations of the Earth " (1846) ;
" Monograph upon the Moral Sense " (1847) ; and
"Moral and Physical Science" (1853).
SMITH. Robert Frederick, soldier, b. in Phil- adelphia, 2 Aug., 1806: d. in Hamilton, 111., 23 April, 1893. He was educated in the schools of his native city.and learned the trade of a harness- maker and saddler. In 18!J3 he removed to the west, and at the time of his death was the oldest pioneer of Hancock county, III. In 1844 he was captain of the Cumberlatid Grays, and was in command at the battle of Nauvoo, in September, 1846, where he was severely wounded. When the civil war began he aided in raising the 16th Illi- nois infantry,and was appointed, 24 May, 1861, colo- nel of the regiment. He saw much active service, and commanded a brigade in .Sherman's march from Atlanta to the sea, and thence to Washing- ton. Before the regiment, of which he continued to be colonel, was mustered out of the service, he was brcvetted brigadier-general, and was offered a comnnssion of major in the regular army, which he declined, preferring to return to his farm.
SMITH, Wesley, clergyman, b. in Loughgall, County Armagh, Ireland, in Mav, 180.'); d. in j Sharpsburg, Pa., 28 Oct., 1888. ' His father, a 1 Methixlist minister, was licensed to preach by | John Wesley. The son came to this country, bc- pan to preach in 1833, and filled Methodist charges in western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio, and West Virginia. He was the author of "A Defence of the Methodist Kpiseo|)al Church " (Fainnount, W. Va., 1855); "Guide to a Happy Home" (New York, 1880); and "Sprinkling or Pouring the Only Scriptural Mode of Baptism." his most [Hjp- ular work (11th ed., Pittsburg, 1887). I
SNOW, Lorenzo, Mormon official, b. in Mantua, Portage co., Ohio, 3 April, 1814. He studied in the st^hoolsof Itavenna and at Oljerlin college. He left the latter in 1836, ititending to enter an eastern institution, but on a visit at Kirtland he met Jo- | seph Smith, l)ecame a convert to Mormonisra, and gave up his former plans. In 1837 he began his work as a missionary, but acconipanied the church on his journey to Illinois. In 1840 he was sent as a missionary to (ireat Britain, where he became councillor to Parley P. Pratt, president of the British mission : he held the same position with the successor of the latter. On his return to America he organized the military company known as the Nunvoo legion, of which he was elected captain. lie took charge also of the Nauvoo school. His camiiaign fur the election of Smith to the U. S. presidency was cut short by the murder of the latter ; he was prominent in the search for a western refuge for the people, but did not reach Salt Lake City until 1848. In 1852 he waselected a metnberof the Utah house of repre- sentatives and was returned either to the house or to the council at every election until 1882. He founde<l and named Brigham City, I'tah, in 185.5, and there organized a successful system of co-operation. A trip to Italy called him away in , to the Sandwich islands in 1864, and in 1872 he made a tour of Europe and Palestine. His active interest in educational affairs continued unabated. He was ordained one of the twelve apostles on 12 Feb., 1849, was chosen president of the twelve in April, 1889, president of the temple when it was opened, 23 May, 1893, and president of the Mormon church, 13 Sept., 1898, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Wilford Woodruff. Among his publications are "The Italian Mission " (London, 1851); "The Only Way to be Saved" (London, 1851), which has pjissed through several editions and has been translated into many Eu- ropean tongues; "The Voice of Joseph " (Liver- pool, 1852). an account of the Mormons; a trans- lation of the "Book of Mormon" into Italian; and "The Palestine Tourists" (1874). an account, in collaboration with his sister, of his journey in Europe and the llolv Land made in 1872.
SNYDER, Simon, soldier, b. 9 Feb., 1839, in the stone house which his grandfather, Simon Snyder (q. v.), built while he was governor in Sefin's Grove, Pa. He enlisted in the civil war, but before he was mustered in a commission ar- rived for him. Simon Cameron was a warm friend of Henry W. Snyder, the governor's oldest son, and secured the commission. He was not actively engaged in the civil war, but saw a great deal of Indian warfare ; was home on leave in 1876, but hurried to the frontier, and his command built Fort Keogh, from which they set out on several campaigns. He was afterward brevetted major for gallant services against the Indians at Bear Paw mountain in 1877, and was in all the battles with Sitting Bull, and was present when he surrendered. He was appointe<l 2d lieutenant, 5th infantry, April, 1861 ; 1st lieutenant, June, 1861; captain, June, 1863; major, 11th infantry, March, 1883; 5th infantry. May, 1883 ; lieutenant- colonel, 10th infantry, January, 1888; coloHel, 19th infantry, September, 1892. He was ap- pointed t)rigadier-general of U. S. volunteers. May, , and commanded various divisions in the volunteer army at several iioints in the southern states from May to November, 1898 ; commanded the 1st brigade, 1st division, 1st array-cor|>s en route to the province of Santa Clara, Cuba, No- vember, 1898, to January, 1899. Gen. Snyder was mustered out of the volunteer service in May, , and procee«led with his regiment to the Philipjiines. Sofin after his arrival in Septemlwr he was cc>nsi)icuous in an engagement near Cebu.
SOBIESKI. Engene Thaddeus Standalus John, lawyer, b. in Warsaw, Poland, 10 Sept., 1842. He is the sixth lineal descendant through oldest sons of oldest sons of King John Sobieski, of Poland, the hero who became Christianity's champion when the Turks were at the gates of Vienna. Count Sobieski, who led the Polish revolt of 1846, and died upon the scaffold, left a widow and a son, who went to Genoa, thence to London, where the countess died. The son came to this country in 1854, entered the Union army, and fought through the four years of the civil war, being honorably discharged in 1865. when he ac- cepted a colonel's commission in the Mexican army. Ijiiter he settled in Missouri, where he practised law, and in recent years has become well known as a platform lecturer. Col. Sobieski, who, owing to the length of his Christian name, only uses John in his correspondence, is at present engaged in preparing his autobiography for publication in New York during the year 1900.
SOUSA, John Phillp, musician, b. in Washington, D. C., 6 Nov., 1854. He studied in the
