history, and at his death left the manuscript of
his "llistoria civil y politica de Mejieo" to the
Marquis de las Torres, of Cadiz, but it was lost
for a time, being discovered by Carlos M. Basta-
raantc in a book-store in Madrid, and published
under the title of " Los tres siglos de Mejieo
durante cl gobiemo Espaflol" (2 vols., Mexico,
1836). Cavo is also the author of " De vita Joseph!
Juliani Parrenni, Havanensis" (Rome. 1792).
CERVERA, Pascual (ther-vc-ra). Spanish ad- miral, b. in Spain about ISJS. When war broke out between Spain and the United Stales he was in command of that section of the Spanish fleet that had colleete«l at the Cape Venle islands. Soon after war began the fleet sailed, and the un- certainty of its objective point caused no little anxiety along the eastern seaboard of the United StAtes. On 19 May, 1898, after having skirted the West Indies, he entered the harbor of Santiago de Cuba with four swift armored cruisers and two torpedo-boat destroyers. Here Cervera and his oflicers were greeted roost enthusiastically ; they were banqueted and feted, and it was declared that the Spanish flag must float from the capitol at Washington. The American fleet, however, under Admiral Schley, hati blockaded the harbor, and was soon joined by the fleet under Admiral Saraiison. In July, 1898, Admiral Cervera was ordered to leave the harbor and force his way out. He made the attempt on Sunday morning, 3 July, and his entire fleet was totally destroye<l and sunk by the Americans. The admiral himself was taken prisoner and sent to Portsmouth, X. H., and thence to Annapolis. Md., with his staff and ofllcers. The crews that escaped death were confined in the har- bor at Portsmouth. Admiral Cervera arrived at Annapolis on 16 July on board the "St. Louis," and was received by Admiral McNair. He was or- dered home in August after the (leace protocol had been signed, and sailed from Portsmouth for San- tander, 12 Sept.. on the "City of Kome," with his staff anil 1,70() of his former crews.
CHABOT, Jean, Canadian lawyer, b. in .St. Charles, 15 Oct., 1806; d. in Quebec, 27 May, I860. He was edacsted at the Seminary of (Quebec, stud- ied law, was atlmittetl to the bar in 1834, and soon acquired reputation. In I84^{ he was elected to represent Queljec in parliament, and he was re- electc<l in 1844 and 1849, representing Bellechassc in 1851-'4. In 1849 he was made chief commi.s- sioner of public works, and he was reappointed to this oflice in 18.">2. L'nder his administration the five piers in the lower St. Ijawrence were con- struct«<l, and for this work the Canadian govern- ment was exposed to censure fur the large amount of unanthon7.ed expenditure. In 1852-'4 he was a director in thefirand Trunk line, and almut that time he wa.s appointeil a seignorinl tenure com- missioner under the law of lH."i4, providing for the abolition of the feudal system of iHiid-liolding. For two yeare he again represented (^ucIm-c in parliament. On 26 .Sept.. ly-W, he was appointed judgi- of the sufierior court of Lower Canada, w^hifh offlce he held at the time of his death.
CHADWICK, French Enser, naval offlcer, b. in .Morpintown. W. Vn., 29 Feb.. 1844. lie re- ceived a classical education at the Mommgalia academy, and entered the naval academy in IHtil. He was made one of an a<lvanced class of thirty chosen out of the large numlM-r of over two hun- dred and sixty who entere<l that year, and was graduated in }Joveml)er. 1864. After some service in the " Siiwinehanna," he went in the same ship to the Brazil station, where he servwl two years, in the meantime )>eing transferred to the " Juniata," in which he returned home in 1867. After service in the "Sabine," "Tuscarora," "Guerriere," at the naval academy as an instructor of mathematics, in the " Powhattan," and on lighthouse duty, he was sent abroad in July. 1882, to collect information regarding lighthouse, life-saving, and other kin- dred administrations. He was shortly appointed naval attache to our London embassy. On leav- ing Ijondon he took command of the "Yorktown," in the Mediterranean and Gulf of Mexico. When detached from this command he s|)ent some time as memlaT of the first Ixmrd on organization of labor at the navy-yanl, was anfiointed chief in- telligence officer in 1892, and July, 1893, succeeded Commodore (now Admiral) Dewey as chief of the bureau of equipment. He left this duty in Sep- tember, 1897, and, after serving as a member on a board to report upon the numlier and character of docks needed, was ordered, in November, to the command of the "New V'ork." He was a member of the court of inquiry on the " Maine " disaster, and when Admiral Sampson was as-siened the com- mand of the North Atlantic station was appointed chief of staff, also commanding oflicer of the " New York," serving throughout the war with Spain. In Oct.. 1899, he received a sword from his native town.
CHAFFEE, Adna Rouianza, soldier, b. in Or- well, Ohio, 14 .pril, 1842. He received a common- school education, and at the age of nineteen en- tered the army, serving as private, sergeant, and Ist sergeant of Company K, 6th cavalry, from 22 July, 1861. to 12 .May, 1863. He was commis- sioned 2d lieutenant, 1^ March, 1863. and 1st lieu- tenant, 22 Feb., 1865. He received the brevets of 1st lieutenant on 3 July. 186:<. for gallant and meritorious service in the Viattle of tietlysburg, and of captain on 31 .March. 1865, for similar service in the battle of Dinwiddle Court-house. From 11 Nov., 1864. to 12 Dec., 1866, he serveil as regimental adjutant, and from 12 Dec, 1866, to 12 Oct., 1867, as regimental quartermaster. He became major of the 9th cavalry in July. 1888, and lieutenant-colonel of the 3d cavalry in June, 1897. In the war with Spain he was made briga- dier-general of volunteers, saw s«>rvice in Cuba, and was promotetl to major-general in July, 1898. See "The Santiago Campaign," by Gen. Joseph Wheeler, and Lmlge's " War with .S|«in."
CHAMBERLAIN, Jacob, clergyman, b. in Sharon, l.itchli.-ld co.. Conn., 13 April. 1835. Ho was graduate<l at Western Reserve college. Ohio, in 1896, studied at the Reformed theological semi- nary. New Brunswick, N. J., and receive*! a medi- cal degree at the College of physicians and sur- geons. New York, in 1859. In December of that year he went as misaionar)' to India, and was sta- tioned in Palamanair. Mailras presidency, in 1860- '3. In 186:{ he established a new station in Ma- danapalli. and he now has charge of both places. He established a hospital and dispensary at ^lada- nnpalli in 18<88, and another at PalaiimiiHir in 1872. In 1878 he was appointed chairman of the committee for bringing out a new translation of the Old Testament from the Hebrew into Tcliigu, and in 1879 he was made chairman of a committee to revise the Teltigu New Testament. In 1878 he was elected vice-president for India of the Ameri- can tract society, which post he still holds. Im- riaired health c'omiH-lled a rest in this country in l874-"8. and he revisited the United States in lH84-'6. He received the degree of D. D. from Western Reserve, Hutgers. and Union in 1878. Dr. Chamberlain transUited into Telugu the Re- formed church liturgy (Madra-s, 1873) and " Hymns for Public and .Social Worship " (1884), and is
