Page:Archæologia Americana—volume 2, 1836.djvu/235

SECT. VI.] INDIAN LANGUAGES. 199 Referring to the Grammatical Notices and to the Tables for further details, we insert here only the most general modes of formation. The preterite is formed in the Delaware by affixing the ter- mination eep, neep, ep, or hump ; in the Eskimau by affixing sok ; in the Choctaw by affixing kamo or chamo, tuk or tok, each of which terminations designates a different modification ; in the Onondago, by affixing ochre, ochqua, nha, &c, vary- ing according to the termination of the verb ; in the Sioux by affixing kong ; in the language of Chili, by inserting vu. The future is formed in the Delaware by affixing tsh, or ktsh ; in the Eskimau, by affixing savok ; in the Choctaw, by affixing chi, or he, according as the action is to take place im- mediately or at some remote time ; in the Onondago, by prefixing n, or na, the first if the act is voluntary, the last if ordered ; in the Sioux, by affixing Ictay ; in Chilian by insert- ing a. The negative form is made in the Delaware, by affixing wi and prefixing generally the negative atta, or matta; in the Choctaw, by prefixing ik, or ok ; in the Eskimau, by inserting ngil ; in the Muskhogee, by affixing kost (?) ; in the Cherokee, by prefixing tlah ; in the Chilian, by inserting la. The passive voice is formed in the Delaware, by affixing xi, or gussi ; in the Cherokee, by affixing gang ; in the language of Chili, by inserting ge ; in the Choctaw by inserting all in the body of the verb and using the objective case of the pronoun ('thou tiest,' ish tokch ; 'thou art tied,' chit full olcch ) ; in the Muskhogee, by affixing agi/, and also usin^ the objective case of the pronoun. In the Onondago, a distinct set of pronouns is substituted in the passive voice. Active wagerio, wascherio, waharrie, ' I, thou, he, beat,' passive ; junkcrio,jetserio, thmvarrie, 'I am, thou art, he is beaten.' The collocation of those particles is in each language respec- tively very uniform, and may be understood by the following examples. iicg. pr. verb. pas. ncg. phir. pret. Delaware, Matta n'penda xi-wi-wun-ap ; l we were not heard.' verb. ncg. pas. prct.pl. pron. Chili, Elu-la-ge-vu-ygn ; c we were not given.' The indicative and subjunctive moods alone have as yet been mentioned. Of the imperative, it may be sufficient here