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of federal Anglo-Norman Poets of the i^th Century. 339 were very numerous. But if he does not forgive them for com- pofing thefe dramas, in which were reprefented to the people the courage and patience of the martyrs (in a manner it muft be al- lowed which violated hiftorical truth, but which, however, neither hurt the morals, nor the fundamental points of religion), it may be eafily imagined with what ardour our poet would decry the min- ftrels, who, by the recital of romantic and amorous adventures, brought prematurely forward, and roufed the paffions. With this moral objecl:, he declares to them that he knows of no employ- ment fo dangerous, and even prefers a life fupported by begging. ' But while he decries the " Miracles" becaufe they were compofed earls of Flanders ; but this name was more ufually given to a kind of buffoon, or juggler, who had fucceeded to the hiftorians. The greateft part of them were of Pro- vence ; they underftood mufic, and played on inftruments. They conne&ed themselves with the Troubadours, or Trouveurs, poets in vogue fince the eleventh century, whofe productions they fang and performed. By thefc means they got admittance into the palaces of kings and princes, by whom they were rewarded with magnificent prefents. They were alfo called Jugleurs, Jongleurs, and the women Jonglereffes. At the end of the fourteenth century the Trouveurs and the Jongleurs feparated themfelves into two bodies ; the one under the name of Jongleurs joined Tinging and the recitation of verfes to the found of inftruments ; the others under the name of Joueurs (Joculatores) amufed the people by fleight of hand, &c. &c. like the jugglers of this day. About the time of Philip Augufte the Jongleurs came to dif- grace becaufe poetry was little in efteem at that time, more particularly after the death of the count of Champagne, who compofed fo many amorous verfes for queen Blanche. The name of Jongleurs became fo contemptible that it was applied only to jugglers, and at length, as they repeated nothing but buffoonery, the term Jonglerichgn'&Q&falfe- bood, and they ifed the words j angler aniljaugler to'fignify to he. It is for this reafon that Philip Augufte drove them from his dominions. They, however, reappeared, and were tolerated in the following part of the reigns of this prince and of the kings that fucceeded him. They all took the name of Jongleurs, as the moft ancient. They lived all in one ftreet, then called Rue des Jongleurs, now de S. Julien dcs Menejlrien that is, jlreet of the "Jugglers, now of St. Julien of the Mlnjlreh. Communicated by Mr. Moyfant. I. H. M. Of