way as they were used in the castle church at Dover, and in nearly all the town churches of Colchester, and in several of the neighbourhood.
This being, as I conceive, the origin of long and short work, and its primary intention, I come next to consider two varieties that are observable, which shews that, taken by itself, it furnishes no criterion of early date.
Long and short work is, first, that used for coigning; secondly, that used for upright bonding, and appearing like strips on the face of the wall.
Of the former kind there are examples in the towers at Barnack, Earl's Barton, Brigstock, and Green's Norton, and in the nave and chancel at Wittering. Of the latter kind, they may be seen at Barnack, Earl's Barton, and Stowe Nine churches, all in Northamptonshire; also at Sompting, in Sussex, Headbourn Worthy, in Hampshire, and Stanton Lacy, in Shropshire. At each of these four last-mentioned places, the long and short differs from the previous examples at Barnack, Brigstock, Earl's Barton, and Wittering. The difference may be thus described. In the Northamptonshire churches the long and short work is an important member of the angle of the towers, whilst the short stone considerably projects beyond the Hue of the long one: in the other examples both long and short stones are in the same line.
Window, Caistor, Northamptonshire.
Of the second kind of long and short, namely, that used for perpendicular bonds, apparently only ornamental strips, but in reality very essential for the stability of the building, we have numerous examples besides those at Sompting, Headbourn Worthy, and Stanton Lacy. It is to some of these examples that attention shall now be directed. In the first place, by stating my conviction that the buildings where they occur are not, in reality, churches of so early a period as the preceding ones, although presenting certain
