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156 MARKS OF CADENCY the otlier rich Norman, without thinking much of any difference of date. The contrary is the case with the window at Iver ; it does not strike one as particularly plainer or ruder than the Norman which displaces it, but simply as different in style. Most supposed Anglo-Saxon remains unite both distinctions ; they are both ruder in work and different in character from Norman. No one could for a moment suppose that the doorway at Barton-on-Humber was merely an earlier and ruder variety of Norman. It looks essentially different, and is much more like debased Roman than rude Norman work." ON SOME MARKS OF CADENCY BORNE BY THE SONS OF KING EDWARD III., AND BY OTHERS OF THE FAMILY OF PLANTAGENET. Armorial devices had hardly become hereditary, before the need of some means of distinguishing the coat armour of members of the same family began to be felt ; especially where younger sons had attained the rank of bannerets, or had become heads of new families, and acquired honours or possessions that might devolve to tlieir issue. Various modes of accomplishing this were resorted to, such as changing the tinctures, or adding, omitting, or substituting some charge or charges, or the like ; and as heraldry became more and more systematic, several methods were suggested for general adoption, but no one came into extensive use. In order that the connexion with the chief of the family might be manifest, it was a great object to vary the paternal coat no further than was necessary to effect a distinction ; and hence the differences became very early too minute to be readily recognized. The rules for the application of the marks of cadency or distinctions of houses found in the Treatises on Heraldry, are comparatively modern, though the first six of those marks appear to have been in early use for such pur230ses. Thus, in Dugdale's Warwickshire, vol. ii., pp. 398 and 404, 2nd edit., are prints from engravings by Hollar, of the seven sons of Thomas Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, who died in 1369, taken from windows formerly in St. Mary's Church, Warwick,