URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
The microbial colonization and spread in the urogenital epithelium cause urinary tract infections (UTI). It is usually a bacterial infection and affects the bladder causing cystitis.
Most of the bacteria that cause urinary tract infections are Enterobacter species, particularly Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris. However, nosocomial diseases may be caused by other Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria.
A UTI can be easily treated with the proper antibiotic. However, in severe cases, the infection may spread to the kidneys and cause pyelonephritis.
OTHER IMPORTANT DISEASES
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BOTULISM Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani bacteria are naturally found in soil and sometimes cause diseases in animals. They can grow and proliferate when food is improperly canned. The disease caused by this microorganism is produced by a toxin that binds to the presynaptic neuron membrane and inhibits the release of acetylcholine. The transmission of the nerve impulse to the muscle is propagated by acetylcholine. For this reason, the toxin causes flaccid paralysis, meaning that the muscles are unable to contract. The mortality rate of this disease is close to one hundred percent, depending on the amount of the toxin ingested, and it can be fatal mostly because of respiratory failure as a result of muscular paralysis. |
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