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THE ORIGINS OF THE ISLAMIC STATE

region[1] pointed out to them a spot to which she had often heard people refer. There they dug and the water found exit through which it passed to Wâdi-Baṭiḥân. From Mahzûr to Mudhainîb is a water-course which empties its water in it.

The Prophet calls al-Madînah Ṭaybah. Muḥammad ibn-Abân al-Wâsiṭi from al-Ḥasan:—The Prophet invoked Allah's blessing on al-Madînah and its inhabitants calling it Ṭaybah.[2]

Abu-ʿUmar Ḥafṣ ibn-ʿUmar ad-Dûri from ʿÂʾishah, the mother of the believers:—When the Prophet emigrated to al-Madînah, a disease spread among the Moslems in it. Among those taken seriously ill were abu-Bakr, Bilâl and ʿÂmir ibn-Fuhairah. During his illness, abu-Bakr often repeated the following verse:[3]

"One in the morning may lie amidst his family
and death may be nearer to him than his sandal's strap."[4]

Bilâl often repeated the following:

"O, would I that I spent a night
at Fakh where idhkhir and jalîl[5] plants surround me!
And would that I some day visit Majannah-water to drink it,
and see Shâmah and Ṭafil [Mts.]!"

ʿÂmir ibn-Fuhairah used to repeat the following :

"I have found death before I tasted it,
verily the death of the coward comes from above.[6]
[Man struggles according to his own ability,]
like the bull that protects his skin with his horn."[7]

  1. Yâḳût, s.v. ʿÂliyah.
  2. Al-Hamadhâni, Kitâb al-Buldân, p. 23; Geschichte der Stadt Medina, p. 10.
  3. Hishâm, p. 414; Azraḳi, Akhbâr Makkah, p. 383.
  4. Cf. Freytag, Arabum Proverbia, vol. i, p. 492, no. 63.
  5. Idhkhir a small plant of sweet smell used for roofing houses. Jalîl a weak plant with which the interstices of houses are stopped up.
  6. Freytag, Proverbia, vol. i, p. 7, no. 10.
  7. Az-Zamakhshari, al-Fâʾiḳ, vol. ii, pp. 5–6.