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THE ORIGINS OF THE ISLAMIC STATE

its water to a piece of land at al-ʿArṣah[1] which he cultivated and worked); the land of abu-Hurairah is ascribed to abu-Hurairah ad-Dausi; and aṣ-Ṣahwah in Mt. Juhainah is the ṣadaḳah of ʿAbdallah ibn-ʿAbbâs.

Ḳaṣr-Nafîs. It is said that the Nafîs castle is ascribed to Nafîs at-Tâjir [the merchant] ibn-Muḥammad ibn-Zaid ibn-ʿUbaid ibn-al-Muʿalla ibn-Laudhân ibn-Ḥârithah ibn-Zaid of al-Khazraj, the allies of banu-Zuraiḳ ibn-ʿAbd-Ḥârithah of al-Khazraj. This castle stands in Ḥarrat-Wâḳim at al-Madînah. ʿUbaid ibn-al-Muʿalla died as martyr in the battle of Uḥud. Others say it is Nafîs ibn-Muḥammad ibn-Zaid ibn-ʿUbaid ibn-Murrah, Muʿalla's freedman. This ʿUbaid and his father were among the captives of ʿAin at-Tamr. ʿUbaid ibn-Murrah died in the battles of al-Ḥarrah. His surname was abu-ʿAbdallâh.

ʿÂʾishah well. The ʿÂʾishah well is ascribed to ʿÂʾishah ibn-Numair ibn-Wâḳif, ʿÂʾishah being a man's name of al-Aus.

Al-Muṭṭalib well and al-Murtafiʿ well. Al-Muṭṭalib well on the ʿIrâḳ road is ascribed to al-Muṭṭalib ibn-ʿAbdallâh ibn-Ḥanṭab ibn-al-Ḥârith ibn-ʿUbaid ibn-ʿUmar ibn-Makhzûm. Ibn-al-Murtafiʿ well is ascribed to Muḥammad ibn-al-Murtafiʿ ibn-an-Naḍir al-ʿAbdari.

The Sûḳ in al-Madînah. Muḥammad ibn-Saʿd from ʿAṭâ ibn-Yasâr, the freedman of Maimûnah, daughter of al-Ḥârith ibn-Ḥazn ibn-Bujair of al-Hilâl tribe:—When the Prophet wanted to found a market in al-Madînah he said: "This is your market and no kharâj will be assessed on it."

The ʿArim dam. Al-ʿAbbâs ibn-Hishâm al-Kalbi from his grandfather and Sharḳi ibn-al-Ḳuṭâmi-l-Kalbi:—When Nebuchadnezzar destroyed Jerusalem,[2] expelled of the

  1. See Yâḳût, al-Mushtarik, p. 159.
  2. Bait al-Maḳdis or al-Bait al-Muḳaddas. See ibn-Khurdâdhbih, Kitâb al-Masâlik, pp. 78 and 79.