WILLIAMS v. CITY OF NORTH LITTLE ROCK.
The appellants have cited and discussed, inter alia: National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., 301 U.S. 1, 81 L. Ed. 893, 57 S. Ct. 615; Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 U.S. 510, 69 L. Ed. 1070, 45 S. Ct. 571; Sweezy v. New Hampshire, 354 U.S. 234, 1 L. Ed. 2d 1311, 77 S. Ct. 1203; Grosjean v. American Press Co., 297 U.S. 233, 80 L. Ed. 660, 56 S. Ct. 444, Bridges v. Calif., 314 U.S. 252, 86 L. Ed. 192, 62 S. Ct. 190; Pennekamp v. Florida, 328 U.S. 331, 90 L. Ed. 1295, 66 S. Ct. 1029, National Broadcasting Co. v. U.S., 319 U.S. 190, 87 L. Ed. 1344, 63 S. Ct. 997, Burstyn v. Wilson, 343 U.S. 495, 96 L. Ed. 1098, 72 S. Ct. 777; DeJonge v. Oregon, 299 U.S. 353, 81 L. Ed. 278, 57 S. Ct. 255; Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 123, 95 L. Ed. 817, 71 S. Ct. 624; Thornhill v. Alabama, 310 U.S. 88, 84 L. Ed. 1093, 60 S. Ct. 736; NAACP v. Patty, 159 F. Supp. 503 (E.D. Va. 1958); and American Communications Assn. v. Douds, 339 U.S. 382, 94 L. Ed. 925, 70 S. Ct. 674. Also in the oral argument before this Court appellants laid great stress on the case of NAACP v. Alabama, 357 U.S. 449, 2 L. Ed. 2d 1488, 78 S. Ct. 1163, which was decided after the filing of appellant's brief in this Court. It was claimed that NAACP v. Alabama was conclusive against the validity of the ordinances here challenged.
It would unduly extend this opinion to review each of the above cases or those cited by appellees. For purposes of this opinion we by-pass the point urged by the Cities – that anonymity is a personal defense and can be claimed only by the organization itself and not by one for it – and we proceed to state our conclusions on the claims that the appellants have made:
I. The primary purpose of each of the ordinances here involved is to obtain revenue for the Cities, and
