70. Compulsory official association is established for the exercise of professions requiring university degrees. The manner of constitution and functioning in such entities, of a superior body of a national character, and of the local bodies that are necessary, in such manner that they will be governed by the majority of their associates, with full authority, shall be determined by law.
Obligatory association of the other professions officially recognised by the Nation shall also be regulated by law.
71. The right of workers to strike, and of employers to stop work, is recognised, in conformity with regulations which will be established by law for the exercise of both rights.
72. The system of collective labour contracts, which employers and workers are compelled to execute, shall be regulated by law.
Stipulations implying renunciation, diminution, impairment or waiver of any right recognised in favour of the worker, in this Constitution or by law, shall be null and shall not be binding on the contracting parties, even though they are expressed in a labour contract or any other pact whatever.
73. Cubans by birth shall be given a preponderating participation in labour, both in the total amount of wages and salaries, and in the different categories of work, in the manner determined by law.
Protection shall also be given to naturalised Cubans with a family born in the national territory, in preference to naturalised Cubans who do not meet those requirements, and in preference to foreigners.
In the holding of indispensable technical posts, foreigners shall be excepted from the provisions in the foregoing paragraphs, subject to the formalities specified by law and always on the condition of teaching native apprentices the technical work in question.
74. The Minister of Labour shall see, as an essential part among others of his permanent social policy, that in the distribution of opportunities to work in industry and commerce, no discriminatory practices of any kind prevail. In removals of personnel and in the creation of new positions, as well as in new factories, industries or businesses that are established, it shall be obligatory to distribute the opportunities for work without distinction as to race or colour, provided the necessary qualifications as to ability are met. It shall be provided by law
