A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF
Poussin. Avice flourished in the middle of the
17th century.
AVIGNON, MiGNARD d'. See Miqnard.
AVILA, Andres Sanchez d'. See Sanchez d' AVILA.
AVILA, Francisco, was a portrait painter of Seville, who flourished in the 17th century, and was distinguished for the suavity of his colour and the truth of his likenesses.
AVILA, Hernando de, painter and sculptor to Philip II. of Spain, flourished in the middle of the 16th century. He was a pupil of Francisco Comontes. He executed, in 1568, an altar-piece of ' St. John the Baptist,' and the ' Adoration of the Kings,' for the cathedral of Toledo.
AVISSE, FRANgois Remi Josefh, a French genre painter, who was born at Douai in 1763. He studied in Antwerp, and died in his native town in 1843.
AVOGADRO, PiETRO, was a native of Brescia, and flourished about the year 1730. He was a scholar of Pompeo Ghitti, whose style he followed with a mixture of Venetian colouring, especially in the carnations. The contour of his figures is graceful, and the general effect of his pictures is harmonious and pleasing. His principal work is the ' Martyrdom of SS. Crispin and Crispinian,' in the church of San Giuseppe, at Brescia. In the church of San Francesco are five pictures illustrating the ' Life of St. Peter,' in the chapel dedicated to that saint. Works by him are in other churches of Brescia. Lanzi observes that, in the opinion of many, Avogadro holds the first place in Brescian art, after the three great painters in Brescia — Bonvicino, Gambara, and Savoldo.
AVONSTERN. See Sehter, Dan.
AVONT, Peeter van, was baptized at Mechlin on the 14th of January, 1600 ; the day of his birth is not recorded. His teacher's name, too, is not known. In the year 1622-23 he was made free of the (juild of St. Luke at Antwerp, and his name occurs at intervals in its records, as well as in those of the city, till his death, which took place at Deurne, near Antwerp, in 1652. He painted land- scapes, enriched with figures well drawn, and touched with great spirit. He frequently decor- ated the landscapes of Vinckenboons, Jan Brueghel, the elder and the younger, Jan Wildens, Lodowijck de Vadder, and other painters. Three signed land- scapes by him are in the Belvedere Gallery, two with ' Holy Families,', and one with ' Flora and Genii.' The Munich Gallery has a ' Holy Family,' in a landscape, the joint production of Avont and Jan Brueghel, the elder. The Liechtenstein Gallery also has three pictures by Avont. Antwerp, in its churches and private collections, has examples of his art. The etchings of Avont are rare, and not all which are ascribed to him are genuine. The following are some of the plates which have been engraved after his works :
The Virgin Mary, with the Infant Jesus, St. John, and St. Elisabeth. The Virgin suckling the Infant, with St. John anel an Angel. The Virgin and Infant in the Clouds ; inscribed Regina Cceli. The Magdalene ascending to Heaven. Twenty-foiu' small plates of Children, on each plate a Child and an Angel. They were entitled Pcedopa- ffnion, and engraved by Hollar, The Four Klements, represented by Four Children. Two Bacchanalian subjects of Ghildren ; one, Bacchus drawn in his Car ; the other, Bacchus carried by Four Children; Pet. van Avont, inv.,fec., et exe. AVRIL, Jean Jacques, ' the elder,' was bom at Paris in 1744 ; he was a scholar of J. G. Wille, and has engraved several plates, which are de- servedly admired. He died in Paris in 1831. By him we have about 540 pieces, some of large dimensions, among which are :
La Vierge au Unge ; after Raphael. Mars going to Battle ; after Rubens. Mars returning from Battle ; after the same. A Shepherd and Shepherdess ; called the Croc^en-jambt after the same. Apollo with the Seasons, dancing ; after Poussin. Diana and ActaBOn ; after Albani. Diana and Callisto ; after the same. Venus revenging herself on Psyche ; after De Troy. Pygmalion and Galatea ; after Marillier. St. Genevieve ; after C. van Loo. Fishermen returning after I'lnnt. Travellers in a Storm ; after the same. The Shipwreck ; dated 1775 ; after the same. The Double Recompense of Merit; after P. J. Wille. 1784. French Patriotism ; after the same. 1788. The Taking of Courtrai ; after Van der Meulen. 1782. The Passage of the Ehine ; after Berchem. Catherine II. on her Travels ; after F. de Meijs 1790. Ulysses and Penelope ; after Le Barbier. Combat of the Horatii and Curiatii; after the same. 1787. AVRIL, Jean Jacques, ' the younger,' who was born in Paris in 1771, was the son of J. J. Avril, the elder. He studied under Le Barbier, Suvee, and Bervic, and engraved some excellent plates from pictures by the old masters, as well as many plates of sculpture in the Louvre, £or the ' Musee Fran^ais.' He died in Paris in 1835.
AXARETO, GiovACCHiNO. See Assereto.
AXELT. JoHANN. See Azelt.
AXMANN, Joseph, an engraver, who was born at Briinn in 1793, first studied drawing and painting under J. J. Weidlich, and, later, engraving under Blascloke at Vienna. He died at Salzburg in 1873. Among his works are:
Landscape; after J. d'Arthois. Samson; after Van JJijck. MoonUght Scene ; after Pan der Neer. The Styrian Charcoal Burners ; after Gauermann. Madonna ; after Murillo. Francis I., Emperor of Austria; after Schiavone, and after Schwager. Elizabeth, Empress of Austria; after Schwager.
AXTMANN, Leopold, a clever animal painter, bom at Fulnek, in Moravia, in 1700, was the pupil of John George Hamilton of Vienna, and rivalled him in reputation. He settled at Prague, and died there in 1748. He excelled in painting dogs and horses ; there are several good pictures by him in Bohemia.
AYALA, Bernard, an historical painter, who was bom at Seville in the beginning of the 17th century, studied under Zurbaran, and imitated his manner in his tints and draperies. No doubt many of his pictures are now mistaken for the work of his master. He was one of the founders of the Academy at Seville in 1660, and was a member of it until 1671 ; but as his name does not appear with the subscribers to the statutes in 1673, it is supposed that his death occurred between those years. The Museum of Seville has six of his works, and there are others in the churches of that city and of Madrid.
AYBAR XIMENEZ, Pedro, a Spanish painter,
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