PAINTERS AND ENGRAVERS
of Alexander II. He died in Paris in 1873. The
following are some of his principal works :
Bull- Hunting. The Smugglers. 1836. The Disarmament of Vera Cruz. 1840. (At Versailles.) The Street of El Alari at Tangiers. San Isidoro Labrador, the Patron Saint of Madrid. Vasco Nunez de Balboa discovering the South Sea. (Paris Univ. Exhib. 1855.) The Valley of Jehoshaphat. (Paris Univ. Exhib. 1855.) The Arrival of the French at Plan-del-Rio. 1865. Farm Yard at Chatou. The Djiguietofka. An American Glade. He also contributed largely to the ' Ulustration,' and in 1855 published ' L'ltin^raire Historique et Descriptif de Paris a Constantinople ' (12 plates).
BLANCHARD, Jacques, an eminent . French painter, was born in Paris in 1600. His first in- structor in the art was Nicolas BoUery, his ma- ternal uncle ; but when about twenty years of age he spent four years at Lyons, studying under Horace le Blanc, and then went to Italy, and passed two years at Rome. He returned by way of Venice, and was so struck with the beautiful colouring of the great Venetian masters, especially Titian, that he was induced to remain two years in that city. On his return to Paris he executed, as a reception picture into the Guild of St. Luke, a ' St. John on the Isle of Patmos.' which, -with others of his works, was greatly admired. He was the first to establish a true and natural style of colouring, in which the artists of his country were very deficient, though he scarcely merited the name of the ' French Titian,' which was given to him by his contemporaries. His chief works at Paris were the two pictures he painted for Notre-Dame, one representing 'St. Andrew kneeling before the Cross,' the other the ' Descent of the Holy Ghost,' executed in 1634 ; in the gallery of the H6tel de Bouillon, now fallen into ruin, he painted thirteen large pictures of subjects from Ovid. The Louvre contains four works of liis — two of the ' Holy Family,' a ' Charity,' and a ' St. Paul in Medita- tion,' but they are all of small size : it has not one of the large pictures which established his fame as a colourist. Although now almost forgotten, his reputation was great, and in many respects well deserved. He died in Paris in 1638. Blanchard etched some plates from his own designs and those of others, among which are the following :
The Holy Family ; without his name ; 0iez Huart. The Holy Family, with St. Catharine and St. John ; 0iez dartres. St. Agues adoring the Infant Jesus in the arms of the Virgin Mary; after Lodovico Carracci; without name.
BLANCHARD, Jean Baptiste, known as ' Blan- CHABD l'oncle,' an historical painter, was bom in Paris in 1595. He studied under Nicolas Bollery, his maternal uncle, and in 1624 accompanied his brother Jacques to Rome. He became an Acade- mician in 1663, and died in Paris in 1665. No record of his works exists.
BLANCHARD, Laubent, a French historical and portrait painter, was bom at Valence, in the department of Drome, and died in Paris in 1819. He exhibited, amongst other works : The Marriage of Hercules with Hebe. 1804. Telemachuf on the Island of Calypso. 1812. Venus complaining to Jupiter. 1812. St. John preaching in the 'Wildemess. 1812. A Holy Family. 1819.
BLANCHARD, Thomas Marie Acguste, en- graver, bom in Paris, May 18, 1819. He was a pupil of his father and gained the second prize for engraving at the Institute. He devoted himself mainly to the reproduction of the masterpieces of the modem school. He gained a third-class medal in 1843, a second-class medal in 1847, and a first-class in 1857. He also secured a third-class medal at the Universal Exhibition of 1867, and a second-class medal at the Universal Exhibition of 1878. He was a member of the Acaddmie des Beaux Arts, succeeding Alphonse Francois on November 17, 1888, He was a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. His principal works were ' The Repose in Egypt ' after Bouchot, 'The Angel Gabriel ' and ' Head of Christ ' after Paul Delaroche, ' Faust and Marguerite ' after Scheffer, Frith's ' Derby Day,' and others after Meissonnier, Tadema, etc. He died in 1898 at the great age of ninety-eight P.P.
BLANCHERI, Vn-roEio. See Blansebi.
BLANCHET, Thomas, a French historical and portrait painter, was born in Paris in 1617, accord- ing to D'Argenville, although the registers of the Academy would place his birth in 1629. His genius at first directed him to sculpture, but after studying that art for some time under Sarrassin, he was advised to abandon it, on account of the delicacy of his constitution, and to apply himself to painting. After receiving lessons from Poussin, whose friend he became, he went to Rome, and frequented the studio of Albani, without adopting his style. He had also the advantage of study- ing under Andrea Sacchi, by whose instruction he much benefited. After passing some years in Italy, one of his friends took him to Lj-ons, where he settled ; but he often visited Paris, where he painted, in 1662, for the cathedral of Notre-Dame, ' The Ecstasy of St. Philip,' now in the Louvre. He executed for the Hotel de Ville of Lyons some considerable works, which established his reputation as one of the ablest historical painters of his country, but these were almost entirely destroyed bj- fire in 1674. He was admitted into the Academy as a portrait painter in 1676, and as an historical painter in 1682, on which occasion he painted for liis picture of reception 'Cadmus killing the Dragon,' now Ln the Louvre. He founded the .cademy at Lyons in 1681, and died in that city in 1689.
BLANCUS, Christoph, an engraver, supposed to be a native of Germany, flourished about the year 1600. He engraved a few plates in the maimer of Jan Miiller, but with not much success. We have by him : A Holy Family, accompanied by Angels ; half-length ; after Spranger. 1595. The Portrait of Michelangelo Buonarroti. 1612.
BLANCUS, Johannes Paulus, (or Bianxhi,) according to Heineken, flourished about the year 1682. We have some etchings by him, which are executed in a heavy, indifferent style. Among others are an emblematical print, after C. Stores, inscribed, lo. Paul. Blancus incid., and 'Christ praying in the Garden,' without the name of the painter, dated 1682.
BLANES, Benito RODRIGUEZ. See Rodri- guez Blanes.
BLANKERHOF, Jan Teunisz, called also Jan Maat, a Dutch painter of sea-pieces, was bom at Alkmaar in 1628. He learned the first rudiments of the art from Arnold Teerlink, a painter of no
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