A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF
Berlin, Dresden, Municli, and Copenhagen, and in
the Pitti Palace at Florence. Van Aelst was called
by the Italians Guglielmod'Olanda.
AENAE, Petrds (also written Aene and Aeneae), a German engraver in mezzotint, flourished in Friesland from about 1680 to 1700. He was chiefly employed in portraits ; and, among others, engraved that of Nicolaus Blankard, Profess, a Frank, .(Et. 68 {P. Aeneae, fecit et execudit) ; and those of numerous peisonages of the royal family of Nassau.
AERTSEN, Pieter. See Aartsen.
AERTSZ, KuKAERT. See Aartsz.
AETION, wlio is not noticed by Pliny, is men- tioned by Lucian in conjunction with Apelles, Eupliranor, and Pol ygnotus, as the most successful of the ancient Greek painters in the mixing and laying on of colours. Action flourished about the time of Hadrian and Antoninus Pius, A.D. 117 — 161. Lucian mentions a graceful picture by him, representing 'The Nuptials of Alexander with Roxana,' which was exhibited at the Olympic games, and excited such adnriration that Proxe- nidas, one of the judges, exclaimed in the midst of the assembly, " I reserve crowns for the heads of the Athletae, but I give my daughter in marriage to the painter Action, as a recompense for his inimitable picture." From the description of this painting, written by Lucian, Raphael is said to have made a design, executed in fresco in the summer-house in the garden of the Villa Borghese, Borne.
AFANAS'EV, Konstantin Jakovlevich, a Rus- sian engraver, was born at St. Petersburg about 1793. In 1803 he entered the Academy, where he studied under Klauber and Utkin. In 1818, during his stay at the castle of Pavlovsk, he en- graved several landscapes for the album of the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna. On his return to St. Petersburg he soon became famous, and could scarcely execute the many commissions he received. In 1839 lie was made a member of the Academy. Afanas'ev was the first Russian artist who engraved on steel, and his engravings, which are mostly portraits, and executed with great neatness, gained him considerable renown. He died in 1857.
AFESA, PiETRO. This painter was called Della Basilicata, from his being a native of the province of that name, in the kingdom of Naples. He flourished about the year 1650. Dorainici, in his 'Lives of the Neapolitan Painters,' mentions him in very favourable terms. His works are preserved in many of the churches and convents at Naples. In the chapel of the convent of Marsico Nuovo, in that city, is an altar-piece by him, representing the ' Assumption of the Virgin Mary,' which is highly esteemed.
AFFDRUCK. See De Hedsch.
AFFLITTI. See Ferrajuoli.
AGABITO, PiEiRO Paolo, painter, sculptor, and architect, wlio was born at Sassoferrato, flourished from 1511 to 1531. His style was influenced by the Venetian school, and his works are executed in the manner of Lorenzo Lotto. The churches of Sassoferrato contain several of his works, among which may be mentioned ' The Virgin between St. Catharine and John the Bap- tist,' painted in 1511 ; and one, signed Petrds Paulus Agaeiti di Saxoferra'io, MDXVIII., both in Santa Maria del Pano. An altar-piece by him, in the church of the Padri Riformali, near Jesi, representing the Virgin with the Infant, is con- sidered one of his best paintings. He died at Massaccio, where he had settled. (See Meyer's ' Kiinstler-Lexikon. ' )
AGAR, JAfQDES d', a portrait painter, was born at Paris in 1640. He studied under Ferdinand Vouet, and began life as an historical painter, but he soon abandoned history for portraiture, in which branch of art he became very successful. In 1675 he was admitted into the Academy, and he became also painter in ordinary to the king and his court. Upon the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, Agar, as a Protestant, was shut out from the Academy. He accordingly left France in 1682 — never to re- turn. He was invited to the court of Denmark, and was greatly patronized by King Christian V. The portrait of this painter, by himself, has found a place in the Florentine Gallery of Artists. It was painted, in 1693, by request of King Christian. Walpole tells us that he visited England, where he resided some time, and met with success. He painted the portraits of several of the nobility of Queen Anne's reign ; among whom were the Duchess of Montagu, the Countesses of Rochfort and Sunderland, Thomas Earl of Strafford, and others. A portrait of Charles II. of England, by him, is said to have been formerly in the Gallery at Chiistiansburg. He died in 1716 at Copen- hagen.
AGAR, John Samuel, was an English portrait painter and engraver, who exhibited his woiks at the Royal Academy from 1796 to 1806. He was at one titne president of the Society of Engravers. His works were chiefly in stipple. He was still living in 1835.
AGAS. See Ac.gas.
AGASSE, Jacques Ladren'I', a celebrated animal painter, who was born at Geneva, studied for some time in Paris, came to London about 1800, and for many years exhibited his works at the Royal Academy. Some of them, including six land- scapes, were engraved. He died in 1846.
AGELLIO, Giuseppe. According to Baglioni, this painter was a native of Sorrento, and a scholar of Roncalli, called ' Delle Pomarance.' He ex- celled in landscape and architecture, and was em- ployed by several, of liis contemporary historical painters to paint the landscapes in the backgrounds of their pictures. He flnurished at Roiue about the year 1620.
AGGAS, Ralph (or Agas), was a draughtsman and surveyor. He was a native of Stoke-by- Xayland, in Suffolk, and was born probably be- tween the years 1540 and 1545. He published a plan of Cambridge in the year 1578, and one of Oxford in 1588. He also prepared, about 1591, the large plan and bird's-eye view of London, which was engraved on wood, and published in 1633. He died at his native village in 1621.
AGGAS, Robert, was an English landscape and scene painter, who was employed by Charles II. A landscape by him is preserved in the Painter Stationers' Hall. He died in 1679, aged about 60.
AGHINETTI, called Guccio del Sero, a Flor- entine painter, who was living in 1331, is ranked among the best artists of his time. He had a nephew, cilled Maestro Guccio, who was also eminent, and who died in 1409.
AGI, CoRHELLE (or Aghi). See Cordelle Agi.
AGLAOPHON is a name shared by two Greek painters, who are supposed to have been grand-father and grandson.
