PAINTERS AND ENGRAVERS.
marines. He died at Amsterdam, July 30, 1849.
Works :
Amsterdam. R. Musrum. A River Scene. 1837.
„ „ Ditto (after Cuyp).
BEONKIIOKST, Jan van, was born at Utrecht in 1603. He was taught glass-painting by T. Verburgh, and studied afterwards under P. Mat- thieu at Arras, and under Chamus at Paris. He practised that branch of the art with great suc- cess, and executed the fine windows in the new church at Amsterdam. When he was tliirty-six years old he became acquainted -with Cornelis Poelenburg, and abandoned glass-painting to imi- tate the stylo of that master, and painted several pictures in oil, which were much admired. Several of these works are in the Museums of Brunswick and Eotterdam. He etclied some landscapes after Poelenburg, and other subjects from his own designs. He died in 1680. Bartsch describes eighteen of liis prints, which he signed J. G. fecit, or J. G. B. fecit. The most important are : The Dying Christ ; after Poelenlmrn. A Nymph sleeping in a Grotto ; afier the same. Roman Ruins, in nine plates ; after the same. A Magdalen ; after iiaflleven.
BRONKHORST, Johannes, was born at Leyden in 1648, and lived for some time at Horn. He was especially noted for his water-colour paintings of foreign birds and beasts. He died in 1726.
BEONKHORST, Pieter van, a Dutch painter, was born at Delft in 1588. He excelled in paint- ing the interiors of churches and temples, which he ornamented with small figures representing his- torical subjects. In the town-house at Delft he painted two large pictures — one of 'The Interior of the Temple, with Solomon pronouncing his Judgment,' and the other, ' Christ driving the Money-changers out of the Temple.' He died in 1661.
BRONTIN, Pierre, a French historical painter of the 16th century, was born in the department of the Nord. He settled at Lille about 1510, and executed many pictures for the churches of that city.
BRONZING. See Alloui.
BROOKE, Henry, who was born at Dublin in 1738, painted historical subjects in London from 1761 till 1767, when he returned to Dublin where he died in 1806.
BROOKE, William Henry, who was bom in 1772, was a nephew of Henry Brooke, the author of ' A Fool of Quality.' He exhibited portraits and figure subjects at the Royal Academy occasionally beUveen 1810 and 1826, but is best known by his illustrations to books : Moore's ' Irish Melodies,' Walton's ' Angler,' Keightley's ' Mythology,' and other works. He died at Chichester in 1860.
BROOKES, Warwick, draughtsman and de- signer, was born at Salford, of poor parents, in 1808. On leaving school he was placed as " tear- boy " under his uncle, a block-printer in some calico printing works. But his drawings having attracted the attention of his master, he was pro- moted to the designing-room. In 1838 a 'School of Design ' was esfablislied at Manchester, and Brookes was one of the first to avail himself of its instruction. He was afterwards one of the most zealous among the band o£ young men who associated themselves for study from the life as "The United Society of Manchester Artists." Bro. kes now began to make a local reputation, and the Manchester Exhibition of 1857 brought him before a wider public. His contributions were noticed and admired by the Prince Consort, and he was brought into contact with many brother artists, and for a time paid yearly visits to London. He was about this time engaged by the Rossen- dale Printing Company, and, among other books, illustrated the works of Dr. John Browne. In 1865 the first symptoms of lung disease showed themselves. He was gradually forced to give up active work, and in 1871 was granted a pension i>f £100 a year on the Civil List. He died at Salford, August 11, 1882, and was buried at Brook- lands, near Sale, Cheshire. For further particulars sre the * Portfolio ' for November and December, 1886.
BROOKING, Charles, an eminent marine painter, was born in 1723. He is said to have been employed in some department of the dock- yard at Deptford, and it does not appear that he liad the advantage of receiving any regular educa- tion in the art. He acquired considerable skill as a marine painter, and was fond of making pictures of sea-fights and of ships' manoeuvres, in which lie displayed his knowledge of nautical tactics. Unfortunately he was nearly all his life in the hands of the lower class of dealers, and it is said iiad just won by his art the patronage of a gentle- man of propertj' when he died of decline in the year 1759, leaving his family destitute. Several of his works were engraved by Ravenet, Canot, and others. There is a large sea-piece by him at the Foundling Hospital.
BROOKS, John, an engraver in mezzotint, is said to have been a native of Ireland. James McArdell was his apprentice, and both went from Dublin to London about 1727. Brooks led a disso- lute life, and for years lived in seclusion. He died about 1760. His works are chiefly portraits. We have by him Hugh Boulter, Archbishop of Armagh, Primate of Ireland, and William Aldrich, Lord Mayor of Dublin ; dated 1742. There is also an engraving of ' The Battle of the Boyne ' by him, after Wyck.
BROOKSHAW, Richard, an engraver in mezzo- tint, was born about 1736. He executed several good portraits, and other subjects. After prac- tising in London for many years, he went to Paris, where he was well received. He died soon after 1804. We have by him, among others, the following :
Louis XVI., King of France Marie Antoinette of Austria, Queen of France. A half-length Portrait of a young I^dy liolding a Vase ; after Sir Joshua Rciptolds. A I'ortrait of General Paoli. James Bouverie. son of the Earl of Radnor ; after Sir Joshua lifi/nolds. Tiie Encliantress ; after Miirraij. Return from Egypt ; after Jiuheus. Moonliglit, a Sea-piece ; H, Kobell piux, A Storm at Sea ; the same.
BROSAMER, Hans, an old Gennan engraver, was born at Fulda about the year 1506. On account of the small size of his prints he is ranked among what are called the Little Masters. He designed both on wood and copper, although he was properly a wood-engraver, signing himself on his por- trait of the Landgrave of Hesse, ' Formschneider zu Erfurt,' where he resided during the latter part of his life. In his copper engravings his style is Bomewliat modem, and resembles rather the engravers who copied the designs of others than
