A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF
CHAMPAIGNE, Philippe de, a painter of historical subjects and portraits, was bom at Brussels in 1602. Though a native of Brabant, he is
generally reckoned as belonging to the Frencli
school. He studied under Bouillon, Michel Bour-
deaux, and Fouquiere, but went to Paris at the
age of nineteen, where he placed himself under
the direction of L'Allemand. Shortly afterwards
he was employed by Du Chesne, the painter royal,
to work at the Luxembourg in concert with Nicolas
Poussin. His extraordinary success arousing the
envy of Du Chesne, he quitted Paris for Brussels in
1627, but was almost immediately recalled by the
Queen-Mother, Marie de Medicis, to be appointed
to the post held by Du Chesne, who had just died.
At Paris he executed ntmierous works for the
churches and royal residences, and especially for
Cardinal Richelieu's palace. He was one of the
first members of the Academy, of which he was
also Professor and Rector. His star, however,
began to pale somewhat before the brilliancy of
Le Brun's rising fame. But this aroused no un-
worthy feeling in Champaigne's mind. He retired
quietly and modestly from active and public life,
and died in Paris in 1674. His pictures show a
certain affinity with those of Poussin, whose in-
fluence he felt, but they surpass them in point of
colouring, being remarkable in that respect for
truth, brilliancy, and technical skill. His weak
point was in the conception and the composition.
As a portrait-painter he holds high rank. His
likenesses are distinguished by a fine, noble, and
life-like execution, vivid appreciation of the natural,
a skilful luminosity of colouring, and careful execution and masterly handling. The following are
some of his principal works :
Alll'.orp, Earl Spencer, Portrait of Robert Amaud (I'Andilly. Brussels, 3Iuseum, Preseatation in the Temple ; St. Geuovieve, St. Joseph (painted far Saint Severin, Paris) ; St. Ambrose, St Stephen (painted for Saint Gennain'VAu:ceTTois at Paris); The Life of St. Benedict (executed for the Abbey of the J'al-de-Grace at Paris) ; Portrait of Himself (a replica of that in the Louvre). Dijon, 3tuseum, The Presentation in the Temple. Florence, Uffizi, Portrait of a lilan; The Calling of St. Peter; Pitti Pal., Portrait of a Man. Hague, Gallery, Portrait of Joseph Govaerts. 1665. Lille, Museum, Adoration. Loudon, National Gallery, Three Portraits of Cardinal de Richelieu in one picture (a full-face and two pro- files : painted for the use of the Roman sculptor Moccht in making a bust) ; Portrait of Cardinal Eichelien in State dress ; Wallace Gallery, Four Important Pictures. Lyons, Museum, The Last Supper (replica of the painting in the Louvre) Finding the Relics of St. Gervais. Madrid, Gallery, St. Anne and the Virgin ; Portrait of Louis XIII. Munich, Pinakothek, Portrait of Marshal de Tureune ; Madonna and Christ. Paris, Louvre, The Feast in the House of Simon ; The Last Supper, 164S ; Christ on the Cross ; The Dead Christ ; Portrait of Catherine Agnes Arnauld, and the daughter of the painter ; Landscape; Iiouis XIII. crowned by Victory; Por- trait of Cardinal de Richelieu ; Portrait of Robert Arnaud d'Andilly, 1650 ; Portrait of Himself ; Por- traits of Francjois Mansard and Claude Perrault; Christ on the Cross, 1674 ; Portrait of Jean Antoine de Mesme, 1653. Vienna, Adam and Eve mourning for Abel.
CHAMPAIGNE. Piekre. See De Kempeneer.
CHAMPIN, Jean Jacques, a French painter in water-colours and lithographer, was bom at Sceaux in 1796. He was a pupil of Storelli and of Regnier, and devoted himself chiefly to historical land- BMpes. He lithographed a series of views of Old Paris, and in conjunction with Regnier produced the ' Habitations des personnages les plus c^lebres de la France depuis 1790 jusqu'a nos jours.' He also contributed designs to the ' Magasin Pittor- resque,' the ' Illustration,' and many other illus- trated publications of his time. He died in 1860.
CHAMPION de CERNEL, Mauie LonisE Su- zanne, a French engraver who lived in the hitter part of the 18th century, was a sister of General Marceau. Married at the early age of fourteen to a profligate husband, she sought to relieve the unhappiness of her life by studying drawing and engraving under an artist named Sergent, whose wife she became after the death of her first husband. She engraved vignettes after Cochin, Moreau, Eisen, and Maril- lier, and some portraits in aquatint for the collection published by Blin and Le Vachez.
CHANDLER, J. W., a natural son of Lord War- wick, painted portraits in London towards the close of the 18th century, and afterwards in Aberdeen- shire and Edinburgh. He died young about 1804.
C CHANTEREAU, J., a French painter, who was born in Paris about 1710. His works were chiefly battle-pieces and hunting-scenes, painted with considerable life and movement. It is probable that he studied under Watteau or Pater. A scarce etching of his exists, entitled, ' Divertissement par eau et par mer,' or, as it is sometimes called, 'L'lle de Cythere.'
CHANTRY, John, was an English engraver of the time of Charles II., who worked chieflj- for the booksellers. He lived some time at Oxford, and died about 1662. His plates are executed with the graver in a formal, stiff style. Vertue mentions the following portraits by him :
James I. Charles 11. ; three prints. James, Duke of Monmouth, John Selden. Edward Leigh, M.A., of Magdalen College, Oxford. Thomas AVhitaker, Physician to Charles II. Richard Gethiuge, a Writing Master.
CHANUEL, GoNNET, a French historical painter, was born at Avignon, where he flourished in 1560. He painted some pictures of which the composition and colour were much admired.
CHAPELLE, George de la. See De la Chapelle.
CHAPLIN, Charles, French painter and en- graver, born at Andely in the department of Eure, on the 8th of June, 1825. His father wi:s English, but his mother French. He did not lecome a naturalized Frenchman until 1886. A pupil of Drolling, his early portraits and landscapes cxhibi ted a strongly-marked realistic tendency, but, soon changing his style, he reproduced elegant types of women and allegorical works. His best-known pictures are ' Le Soir dans les Bruyfercs ' in the Bordeaux Museum, and ' Les Bulles de Savon ' at the Luxembourg. He also painted a decorative panel entitled ' Un Reve,' for Prince Demidoff, and in 1861 he executed the ceiling and door-panels of the Salon des Fleurs at the Tuileries. He etched a series of eaux-fortes after his own pictures and several portraits after Rembrandt. As a foreigner he was disqualified for the ' prix de Rome,' but gained a third-class medal in 1S51, a second- class medal in 1852, and a medal in 1865, in August of which year he was decorated with the Legion of Honour, and promoted officer in 1879. He died in Paris on the 20th of Jar.uary, 1891. P.P.
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