A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF
CLASSICUS,ViCTORlus,was, accordingtoFlorent
Le Comte, a sculptor and an architect. He is said
to have en^aved some plates from the paintings
of Tintoretto. There is a small portrait of
Tintoretto, engraved in a style resembling that of
Cornelis Cort, inscribed Alessandro Vktorio Clas-
sico scvlp., which is probably by the same artist.
CLATER, Thomas, exhibited portraits and sub- ject pieces at the Roval Academy from 1820 till 1850. He died in 1867.
CLAUDE, a French painter upon glass, called by the Italians Claudio Francese, born in the south of France about 1470, to whom is due the honour of having introduced the art into Italy. Claude took with him to Rome a colleague, named Guil- laume, and they together executed at the Vatican many windows which were destroyed in the siege of 1527. They also painted for the church of Santa Maria del Popolo two windows representing the history of the Virgin, which still exist. Claude died soon after their completion.
CLAUDE LORRAIN See Gellee.
CLAUDOT, Jean Baptiste Charles, a French painter of landscapes, flowers, and still-life, was bom at Badonviller (Vosges) in 1733. Several of his works are in the Museum of Nancy, where he died in 1814. He was the friend of Girardet and Joseph Vernet.
CLAXTON, Marshall, a historical painter, was born at Bolton, in Lancasliire, in 1811. He became a pupil of John Jackson, R.A., and was also a student at the Royal Academy, entering the school in 1831. The first picture which he exhibited was a portrait of his father, in 1832. 'The Evening Star ' appeared in the following year. He obtained the first medal in the Painting School in 1834, and the following year he was awarded the gold medal of the Society of Arts, for a portrait of Sir Astley Cooper. He exhibited at the Royal Academy, the Society of British Artists, and the British Institu- tion. In 1837 he visited Rome, and stayed in Italy some time. At the Cartoon Exhibition at West- minster Hall in 1843, he obtained a prize of £100 for his ' Alfred the Great in the Camp of the Danes,' now in the Literary and Scientific Institu- | tion at Greenwich. In Westminster Hall, 1845, he had a large oil picture of the ' Burial of Sir John Moore at Corunna.' About 1850 be went to i Australia with the intention of raising a School of ' Art, taking with him a large collection of nearly two hundred pictures, which he exhibited to the public free. Being disappointed in his endeavours, ' he left about 1855, and went to India, where he sold all his large pictures. He returned with a portfolio full of sketches of Australian, Indian, and Egyptian scenery and figures. The Baroness (then Miss) Burdett-Coutts commissioned him, while in Australia, to paint a large picture of 'Christ blessing little Children,' which is now in the school-room attached to St. Stephen's, West- minster. It measures twenty by sixteen feet. Claxton died in London in 1881. Among his principal works are the following :
Spencer reading the ' Faerie Queene " to his Wife and Sir Walter Kaleigh. Painted for The Mother of Moses. ', the Baroness The Free Seat. Burdett-Coutts. The Grandmother. General View of the Harbour and 'v City of Sydney. {inthe possession Portrait of the Last Queen of the fof Her Majesty. ihorigincs. Christ at the Tomb of Lazar".8. L'Alleyn. Jews Mourning over Jerusalem. Sir Joshua Eeynolds and his Friends Hagar and Ishmael. High Church: Low Church: No Church (in three compartments). The Death-Bed of John Wesley. The Last Interview between Dr. Johnson and Sir Joshua lieynolds. The Sepulchre. (Exhibited at the International Exhibition. London, 1862.)
CLAY, Alfred Barron, who was born at Walton-le-Dale, near Preston, in 1831, first studied for the law, but abandoning it in 1852, he went to Liverpool,' and in the same year came to London and entered the schools of the Royal Academy. From 1855 he was a regular contributor to its exhibitions. He began by painting portraits ; the subjects of his best works are, however, taken from Scottish and French history. In 1864 he exhibited ' Charles IX. and the French Court at the Massacre of St. Bartholomew'; in 1865, 'The Huguenot'; and in 1867, his masterpiece, ' The Return of Cbarles IL to Whitehall in 1660.' He died in 1868, at Rainhill, near Liverpool.
CLAYS, Paul Jean. Belgian marine painter, born at Bruges in 1819. His artistic education was completed in France, where he became a pupil of Gudin. On leaving Paris he established himself at Brussels, where he soon made a nanie for himself In the choice of his subjects, and in their placid presentment he followed the methods of the old Dutch masters, though occasionally he could paint harbour-pieces full of the stir and bustle of modem life. He had a fine sense for colour, a broad and simple style, his atmospheric effects being most remarkable. Among his most important works we may mention ' L'Escaut k Anvers,' ' Un Coup de Vent sur L'Escaut k Anvers,' ' L'Eutrie de La Riviere de Southampton,' ' La Tamise aux Environs de Londres,' ' Le Zuider Zee,' 'La Bade de Dordrecht,' &c. &c. Two characteristic canvases of his were shown in the Salon of 1899: 'Vue D'Anvers' and 'Calme au Waal ' (in the environs of Amsterdam). Clays was made a chevalier of the Legion of Honour in 1867, and was promoted to the grade of officer in 1881. He died at Brussels on February 10, 1900. P.P.
CLAYTON, John, who originally studied surgery, painted still-life and fruit in oil and water-colours about the middle of the 18th century. He has left no remembrance of his works, some of the chief of which were destroyed by fire in 1769. He died at Enfield in 1800, aged 72.
Cl6, Cornelis de. See De Cl^.
CLEANTHES, who flourished at Corinth about B. c. 900, was one of the earliest of the Greek artists, and is considered by some as the inventor of the 'piciura linearis', or monogram, a picture consisting of a simple outline, with the interior lines of the figures expressed, but without any light or shade or local colouring.
CLEEF, Hendrik van, the brother of Marten van Cleef, the elder, and of Willem van Cleef, the younger, was a native of Antwerp. It is not known under whom he studied ; but he went to Italy when young, and returned to his native country a good painter of landscapes. His pic- tures are distinguished by an uncommon lightness of touch, and an excellent tone of colour. The backgrounds of the historical works of his brother
Marten and of Frans Floris are frequently painted
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