A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF
zère, Drome, in 1826. He was a pupil of Drolling
and Pieot, und obtained the first ' prix de Rome ' in
1856. He settled in Cairo, and contributed pictures
of Oriental subjects to the Salon. Later in life he
painted French landscapes and some portraits.
He died in 1888.
CLEMENTONE. See Bocciardo.
CLENNELL, Loke, an English painter, and engraver on wood, of extraordinary genius and talent, the son of a farmer, was born at UIgham, near Morpeth, in Northumberland, in 1781. Hia early disposition for drawing, and neglect of other studies or pursuits, induced his friends to place him, in 1797, with the celebrated Bewick, in whose art lie soon showed great skill. But he did not confine himself to engraving; he produced several pictures which attracted public attention, and gave promise of future excellence as a painter. Among these were the ' Arrival of the Mackerel Boat,' and the ' Day after the Fair,' in which he gave a happy delineation of rustic character, and showed great knowledge of colour. His picture of the ' Decisive Charge made by the Lifeguards at the Battle of Waterloo,' which was afterwards engraved by Bromley, established his reputation ; but its excellence assisted in the melancholy termination of his existence. In consequence of the sensation which it produced, he was selected to paint the entertainment given by the city of London at the Guildhall to the allied sovereigns, nobles, and generals who had shared hi that memorable battle. The honour was fatal to his health and life. The vexations he had to encounter from vanity, caprice, and supercilious arrogance, affected his mind so much that he lost his reason. This was in 1817, and though he recovered his reason partially for some years, yet the malady returned in 1831, and he was removed to an asylum at Newcast!e-dn-Tyne, where he died in 1840. Clennell was skilful in composition, and in seizing the true points of character; he had great power of execution, and was well acquainted with the practical parts of art. He engraved the cuts to Falconer's ' Shipwreck,' and Rogers's ' Poems,' after Stothard, as well as the Diploma of the Highland Society after West. He made many drawings for Scott's ' Border Anti- quities,' and was a frequent exhibitor at the Royal Academy and the Water-Colour Exhibition. The South Kensington Museumhas three pictures by him.
CLEOPHANTUS, an ancient Corinthian artist, who flourished about B.C. 650, and is said to have been the first to fill up the contour of the figure with one colour, for which invention he received the name of ' Monocromatos.'
CLERC, Jean and S^bastien le. See Leclerc.
CLERCK, Hendrik de. See De Cleeck.
CLERGET, Adele. See Melling.
CLERISSEAU, Charles Louis, an architect and water-colour draughtsman, was born in Paris in 1722. He visited Rome, where he resided some time, and became well acquainted with the artists of that city, especially Winckelmann. He accom- panied Robert Adams to England, where he re- mained some time, and made the drawings for the ' Ruins of Spalatro,' which was published in 1764. On his return to France in 1778, he pub- lished the ' Antiquites de France,' ' Monumens de Nimes,' and other works ; and was appointed, in 1783, architect to the Empress of Russia. He is, however, best known to the world by his fine drawings in water-colours of the remains of ancient architecture, which are held in high estimation. An example, 'Tivoli,' executed in 1769, is in the South Kensington Museum. Tlie figures in his works were drawn by Antonio Zucchi. He died at Auteuil, near Paris, in 1820, in his 99th year.
CLERK, John, of Eldin, an amateur draughts- man and etcher, was a son of Sir John Clerk, of Penicuik, Bart. He was born at Penicuik in 1728, and was for some years a merchant in Edinburgh, but he relinquished mercantile pursuits to become Secretar}' to the Commissioners on the Annexed Estates in Scotland. From an early period of his life he evinced a fondness for sketching from nature, and many of these sketches he afterwards etched on copper. In 1855 the Bannatyne Club issued a series of his etchings, chiefly views in Scotland, and some of his drawings were engraved for Sibhald's ' Edinburgh Magazine.' He was the father of Lord Eldin, one of the Lords of Session, and was the author of an essay on ' Naval Tactics,' which gave rise to much controversy. He died at Eldin in 1812.
CLESIDES. See Ctesicles.
CLEVE, Van. See Cleef.
CLEVELEY, John, an English marine painter, was horn in London about 1745. He was brought up in the dockyard at Deptford, and studied water- colour painting under Paul Sandby ; afterwards, he became a draughtsman in the navy, and in 1774 accompanied Captain Phipps (afterwards Lord Mulgrave) in his voyage of discovery to the Arctic Regions. He also went with Sir Joseph Banks to Iceland. He sometimes painted in oil, and was an exhibitor at the Royal Academy from 1770 till 1786. Many of his dra^vings have been en- graved. In the South Kensington Museum is ' A Launch at Deptford Dockyard about 1760,' in oil, and three water-colour drawings by him. He died in London in 1786.
CLE'VELEY, Robert, who in early life was a sailor, exhibited marine pictures at the Academy from 1780 to 1803, and was appointed marine- painter to the Prince of Wales. He frequently painted naval actions such as ' The " Solitaire " striking her colours to the "Ruby,"' 'Nelson boarding the San Josef,' and ' Earl Howe's 'Victory.' He died, through falling from the cliff at Dover, in 1809. In the South Kensington Museum are two water-colour drawings of English Ships of War.
CLEVENBERGH, Antoine, a Flemish painter of still-life, was born at Louvain in 1755. He studied historical painting under Verhaeghen, and made large pen-and-ink drawings, which possess much merit. He died in 1810.
CLEYN, Franz, (also Kleyn, or Clein,) was bom at Rostock, in Mecklenburg-Schwerin, about 1590 or 1600, and was for some time in the em- ployment of Christian IV., King of Denmark. He afterwards went for improvement to Rome, where he passed four years, and acquired a talent for designing ornaments, by which he afterwards dis- tinguished himself. He came to England in the reign of James I. , and was taken into the service of the king, who first employed him in designing subjects for tapestry at the Mortlake manufactory. He received a pension from the king, which he continued to enjoy under Charles I., until the Civil War. He died in London in 1658. Cleyn was much employed in decorating the mansions of the nobility. Some of the best preserved of his works are in Holland House, where he painted a chamber, with a ceiling, and small compartments
on the chimneys, which bear some resemblance to
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