A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF
and serious illness, and on his death she returned
to her beloved Italy and settled down at Lodi,
endowing the convent there with her estate and
devising to it all she could bequeath. The Emperor Francis I. having desired to plant near to
Milan a branch house of the well-known Order
of the Dame Inglesi, Mrs. Cosway merged her
small creation into that larger Order and benefacted
the new establishment. In consideration of this
work the Emperor visited the convent and created
its founder a Baroness. She died at Lodi in 1838
and was buried in the chapel of the convent, where
are still preserved many interesting memorials of
her and of her more celebrated husband.
G.C.W.
COSWAY, Richard, an eminent miniature painter, was born at Tiverton in Devonshire, in 1742. He came early to London, and studied under Hudson and in Shipley's school ; he soon distinguished himself by his drawings from the antique in the Duke of Richmond's gallery, which Cipriani and Bartolozzi pronounced admirable. In 1766 he was a member of the Incorporated Society of Artists, and in 1769 he was admitted to the Royal Academy schools. In the next year he became an Associate ; in 1771 he was elected a Royal Academician ; and in 1781 he married the artist Maria Hadfield. He continued to progress in public favour, and for a considerable time maintained the ascendency in his particular branch of art, miniature, and bade defiance to all attempts at rivalry. In his oil-paintings he aimed at the manner of Correggio ; and there are in existence some that for beauty of design and sweetness of expression would not discredit that honoured name. His widow retained three till the time of her death. He painted all the beauty and fashion of his day : he was particularly distinguished by the notice of the Prince of Wales, then the leader of the gay world, and Cosway painted him as a 6entleman, and not as a coxcomb or an actor, osway wag fond of collecting pictures, drawings, prints, and other objects of art, and his house in Stratford Place was like a dealer's shop. He died in London in 1821. His portrait of Gen- eral Pasquale Paoli is in the Uffizi, Florence ; a portrait of himself is in the National Portrait Gallery.
See ' Richard Cosway, his wife and pupils,' by G. C. Williamson, 1897, for a full account of his life and works. (Bell.) G C W
COSZIAU. See Cossiau.
COT, Pierre Auquste, painter, bom at B^darieux (H^rault). February 17, 1837, was a pupil of Duret and of L^on Cogniet. He painted mythological subjects, and also enjoyed a considerable reputation for his portraits. He died in July 1883.
COTAN, Juan Saxchez. See Sanchez Cotan.
COTELLE, Jean, ' the elder,' a French painter of ornament, who also etched, was born at Meaux in 1610. He studied under L. Guyot, and worked largely for Simon Vouet. He became an Academician in 1651, and died in 1676. There are engraved by him seven vignettes for a book of prayers.
COTELLE, Jean, ' the younger,' was a painter and engraver, born in Paris in 1645. He received his early instruction from his father, Jean Cotelle, and eventually visited Italy. On his return he devoted himself to his profession, producing his- torical paintings, miniatures, and occasionally etchings. His chef-donivrt was the ' Marriage at Cana ' painted in 1681 for the cathedral of Notre- Dame. There are by him at Versailles several views in the gardens of that palace. He etched a plate representing ' Our Lord on the Mount of Olives,' and a series of seven scenes from the his- tory of Venus. He was admitted into the Academy in 1672, and died at Villers-sur-Marne in 1708.
COTES, Francis, an English portrait painter, was born in London in 1726. He was a scholar of George Knapton. Lord Orford mentions some of his works in oil and in crayons, the latter of which he compares to the portraits of Rosalba. He died in the prime of life in 1770. He wa.s an eminent artist in crayons, and one of the first members of the Royal Academy, and also a member of the Incorporated Societj' of Artists. At Greenwich Hospital, there is a portrait by him of Admiral Lord Hawke. A portrait group of Mr. and Mrs. Joah Bates, in the possession of the Sacred Harmonic Society, is considered one of his best works.
COTES, Samuel, born in 1734, a younger brother of Francis Cotes, R.A., painted miniature portraits with much success, and also worked in crayons. He died at Chelsea in 1818.
COTIGNOLA, Bernardino and Francesco. See De' Zaganelli.
COTIGNOLA, GiROLAMO Marchesi da. See Mabchesi.
COTMAN, John Joseph, an English landscape painter, was the son of John Sell Cotman. He had considerable talents, but owing to his extravagant and eccentric habits, he was always in a destitute condition. He died at Norwich in 1878.
COTMAN, John Sell, who was born at Norwich in 1782, was in a great measure his own instructor in art, though he owed much to the kind patronage of Dr. Munro. In 1800 he came to London, where he resided, and exhibited at the Royal Academy until 1806, when he returned to Norwich. In the following year he was made a member and secretary of the Norwich Society of Artists, and in one single year, 1808, he sent no less than sixty-seven works to the exhibition. After various journeys in Normandy, and a residence of some years in Yarmouth, Cotman was, in 1834, appointed Professor of Drawing in King's College School, London. He held this post until his death, which occurred in London in 1842. Besides his landscapes and marine pieces in oil and water-colours, he executed numerous engravings of architecture both of England and of Normandy. He published in 1812, ' Miscellaneous Etchings of Architectural Antiquities in Yorkshire'; in 1812-17, 'Architectura Antiquities of Norfolk'; and in 1813-16, 'Sepulchral Brasses in Norfolk;' all of which works were republished with large additions under the following titles — 'Architectural Etchings of Old English Buildings,' 2 vols, folio, 240 plates ; ' Sepulchral Brasses of Norfolk and Suffolk,' 2 vols., 170 plates ; ' Liber Studionim,' 48 plates. In 1817 he went to France, and collected the materi- als for his magnificent work, ' Architectural Anti- quities of Normandy,' 100 plates, in 2 vols, folio, with descriptive letter-press by Dawson Turner of Yarmouth, which was published in 1822. In 1825 he was elected an Associate of the Water-colour Society, and frequently sent works to their exhibitions. Ten water-colour drawings by him are in the South Kensington Museum.
COTMAN, Miles Edmund, born in 1811, was the eldest son of John Sell Cotman. He was brought up as an artist, exhibited landscapes in Suffolk Street and at the Academy and in 1842 succeeded
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