PAINTERS AND ENGRAVERS.
famous ' Master Lambton,' which at once secured
his reputation. In 1835 he was elected associate
engraver of the Royal Academy, and in 1855 a
Royal Academician. About 1872, being then over
seventy years old, Cousins determined to retire
from his profession. After a short term of idleness,
however, he again took up the graver, and to this
late period of his life belong such masterpieces as
the 'Age of Innocence,' 'Penelope Boothby,' 'Sim-
plicity,' and other plates after Sir Joshua, 'Miss
Rich,' after Hogarth, and 'Cherry Piipe,' after
Millais. During his long career he had amassed a
fortune much in excess of his modest needs, and
about ten years before his death he made a generous
donation of £15,000 to the Royal Academy, to be
used as a fund for pensioning destitute artists.
In 1880 he retired from the Academy. He died
in London, May 7, 1887. Some years before he had
presented to the British Museum a (then) complete
set of impressions from his plates, containing some
Tory rare states. His muvre consists in all of about
two hundred plates, of which the following are
fnmous examples :
Prince Mettemich ; after Lamrenee. 1S27. Pins VII. ; after the same. Duke of Wellington ; after the same. 1S23. Sir Astley Cooper ; after the same. Lady Grey and Children ; after the same. Miss Peel ; after the same. Lady Grosvenor ; after the same. William Wilberforce ; after tht same. Bolton Abbey ; after Landseer. The Abercom Family ; after the same. The Queen ; after the same. Return from Hawking ; after the same. The Queen receiving the Sacrament ; after the same. Christ weeping over Jerusalem ; after Sir C. Eastlake. Shakespeare : after the Chandos portrait, Tlie Order of Release ; after Millais, The Minnet ; after the same. Yes or No ? after the same. Yes ! after the same. No ! after the same, Pomona ; after the same. Marie Antoinette in the Temple ; after E. M, Ward. MLss Bowles ; after Reynolds. 1S74. Lady C. Montagu ; after the same. Sylvia ; after the same. Hon. ^Vnne Bingham ; after the same. Lavinia ; after the same. Princess Sophia of Gloucester ; after the same, Dachess of Rutland ; after the same.
COUSSIN, Hardouis, was a French engraver, born at Aix Ln 1709, who, according to Basan, was resiient at that place in 1760. He engraved at L)uns several plates after Puget, Rembrandt, and others. Nagler states that the name H. Coussin is found on some mezzotints which appear to be the work of an earlier artist.
COUSTAIN, Pierre, was a painter and sculptor at the Court of Philip the Good. His name occurs in the records of the brotherhood of St. Luke at Bruges in the year 1450 as Painter Royal.
C'OUTAN, Amaele Paul, was a French historical painter, bom in Paris in 1792. He studied under Gros, and obtaining the Academy pension was thus enabled later on to improve himself at Rome. Re- turning to his native country he produced works, representing chiefly classical and mythological sub- jects, which realized considerable prices. He took a part also in the labour of decorating with religious subjects the church of Notre-Dame-de-Lorette. He died in Paris in 1837.
COUTANT, Jeas Louis Denis, a French en- graver, bom at Argenteuil in 1776, was a scholar of Mechel of Basle. Among his principal works are the plates for the great work on Egypt, for the travels of Baron von Humboldt in the Cordilleiras, for the fossil bones of Cuvier, for the 'Anatomy of the Brain' by Langenheck, and for Freycinet's 'Voyage rotmd the World.' The date of his death has not been ascertained.
COUTELLIER, , a French engraver of the latter part of the 18th century, is known by his theatrical portraits, the best of which are those of Mdlle. Oliver as Cherubino, and Mdlle. Contat as Suzanne in the ' Mariage de Figaro.'
COUTURE, Thomas, a French historical and genre painter, was bom at Senlis (Oise) in 1815. He studied under Gros and Paul Delaroche, and in 1837 obtained the second 'Grand Prix de Rome.' His tirst appearance at the Salon was in 1840, when he exhibited 'A young Venetian after an Orgy.' In 1847 appeared the picture (now in the Luxembourg) on which his fame chiefly rests, ' The Romans in the Decadence of the Empire.' He obtained medals in 1844, 1847, and 1855, and the Legion of Honour in 1848. He decorated the Chapel of the Virgin in the church of St. Eustache, Paris. Couture did not live on terms of amity with the art world, as he be- came involved in disputes, carried on with consider- able warmth, as to the relation of his art with that of the French classical school. He died at Villiers- le-Bel in 1879. Besides the works already named, the following are among his chief productions :
Joconde. 1844. The Love of Money. 1844. (Toulouse SlusetLm.) The Falconer. 1S55. Voluntary Enlisting. Baptism of the Prince Imperial. Damocles. 1ST2.
COUVAY, Jeax, a French engraver, was bom at Aries in 1622. He worked almost entirely with the graver, with an ea.sy but delicate touch, his style in some points resembling that of Villamena. He sometimes marked his plates crrf, We have by him the following out of numerous cuts :
Louis XIV. on Horseback, preceded by Fame ; after S. Bourdon. The Virgin and Child ; after Saphael. St. John in the Desert ; after the same. St. Benedict, tempted oy the Devil, presenting a CrucifijE ; after Giterci?to. The Virgin ; after Blanckard. A Magdalen : half-length ; after Lelrun. The Ascension ; after J. Stella. The Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew ; after Poussin. Mary, Queen of Scots ; her execution seen through the window. A set of small prints, called ' Les Tableaux de la Penitence ' ; after J. Chauveau. Portrait of Isicolas Sevin ; after Van Mol.
COUVERCHEL, Alfred, was bora at Marseille- le-Petit in 1834. He studied under Picot and Horace Veraet. He made some advances in his master's footsteps, and gained a certain ease and freedom, but was unable to liberate himself from a tendency to rawness in his colouring, a fault which is apparent in his ' Battle of Magenta,' painted in 1861. He died at Croissy in 1867.
COUWEXBERG, Abraham Johannes, a Dutch landscape painter, was born at Delft in 1806, and died at Arnhem in 1844.
COUWENBERG, Cheistiaen van. See Kou-WENBERG.
COUWENBERG, Heneicus Wilhelmus, a Dutch line-engraver and draughtsman, the brother of
343
