PAINTERS AND ENGRAVERS.
to their coimtry by their virtues and exploits.
Among these were Theseus, Eparainondas, and
Pericles.
ARISTOPHON, the son and pupil of the elder Aglaophon, and brother of Polygnotus, was a native of Thasos. Pliny, who places him among the painters of the second rank, mentions two works by him^ — 'Ancseus wounded by the boar and mourned over by his mother Astypalsea ; ' and a picture containing figures of Priam, Helen, Ulysses, Deiphobus, Dolon, and Credulitas.
ARLADD, BenoIt, a younger brother of Jacques- Antoine Arlaud, was bom at Geneva. He painted minialnires in Amsterdam and afterwards in Lon- don, where he died in 1719. A few of his portraits are known from engravings.
ARLADD, JAcqnEs Antoine, was bom at Geneva in 1668. His first employment in art was the painting of small ornamental miniatures for the jewellers at Dijon. He however attempted some portraits, and was sufiBciently successful to en- courage him to settle at Pari?, when he was about twenty years of age. It was not long before he distinguished himself in that metropolis, and his pleasing style of painting portraits and fancy sub- jects recommended him to the patronage of the Duke of Orleans, who, being fond of the art, became his pupil, and accommodated him with apartments in the palace of St. Cloud. He was also favoured with the protection of the Princess Palatine, who presented him with her portrait, set in diamonds, and on his expressing a desire to visit England, gave him, in 1721, a letter of recom- mendation to the Princess of Wales, afterwards Queen Caroline, whose portrait he had the honour of painting. He returned to Paris, where he re- mained for a few years, and having acquired an ample fortune, he settled in 1729 at Geneva, where he died in 1743. Works by him are in the Library and lluseum of that city. His own portrait is in the Uffizi, Florence.
AKilANN, ViNCENZo, (called MoNsn Armanno,) a Fleming by birth, was bom in 1598. He prac- tised at Rome as a landscape painter, and his pictures are praised for their similitude to nature. Without much selection of ground, or trees, or accompaniments, they charm by their truth, and a certain stillness of colour, pleasingly chequered with light and shade. Passeri relates that he was imprisoned by the Inquisirion for eating flesh on fast days, and that on his liberation he quitted Rome in disgust, and died at Venice in 1649 on his way back to his native country.
ARMENINI, Giovanni Battista, who was bom at Faenza in 1540, and was a pupil of Perino del Vaga, published in 1587, at Ravenna, a work entitled, ' De' veri Precetti della Pittura; ' but he is considered a better theorist than practitioner. He died in 1609.
ARMESSIX. See De l'Armessin.
ARMITAGE, Edward, was born in London in 1817. In 1835 he became a pupil at the £cole des Beaux Arts at Paris, of Paul Delaroche, who was then its chief, and, shortly after, largely assisted that artist in the decoration of the Eoole with the famous Hemicycle. In 1842 he exhibited at the Salon, then held at the Louvre, his first picture, ' Prometheus Bound.' The following year the first competition took place for the decoration of the new Houses of Parliament, and at the exhibition held at Westminster Hall, Armitage, then only twenty-six years of age, was awarded the first of the three premiums of £300 for his cartoon 'Csesar's First Invasion of Britain.' In 1844 he was again a competitor, and exhibited a cartoon ' Ophelia,' and two frescoes, but did not obtain a prize. With his 'Spirit of Religion' in 1845, however, he was successful, and obtained a prize of £200. In 1847 he was again successful, and awarded £500 for a painting in oil ' The Battle of Meeanee,' which was purchased by Queen Victoria, and is now at St. James's Palace. Subsequently he executed, in 1852, the fresco 'The Personification of the Thames ' from Pope, and in 1854 ' The Death of Marraion' from Scott, both in the upper waiting- hall of the House of Lords. After a year's study in Rome, Armitage, in 1845, made his delnit at the Royal Academy with ' Henry VIII. and Katharine Parr,' and a picture of tlie death of Nelson, entitled 'Trafalgar, 1805.' During the Crimean War he visited Russia, and on his return produced several military pictures : ' The Bottom of the Ravine at Inkernian' (1856), 'The Souvenir of Scutari' (1857), 'The Heavy Cavalry Charge at Balaclava," and the ' Stand of the Guards at Inkerman.' After 1860 his pictures were generally of biblical subjects. These include ' Ahab and Jezebel ' (1864), ' Esther's Banquet' (1866), now in the Diploma Gallery of the Royal Academy, ' The Remorse of Judas' (1866), presented by the artist, and now at the National Gallery of British Art, and 'Herod's Birthday Feast,' now in the Guildhall Art Gallery. He continued, with the exception of a few years, until 1893 to exhibit at the Royal Academy, but his pictures for several years previous to this date showed signs of diminishing artistic ability. In 1867 he was elected an associate, and in 1872 a full member of the Royal Academy, and in 1875 was appointed Lecturer on Painting. Being possessed of private means he was enabled to work independently at the subjects in which he was most interested. He executed gratuitously six wall paintings for Marylebone Parish Church, and the reredos in St Mark's Church, Hamilton Terrace, St. John's Wool In University Hall, Gordon Square, he painted at his own expense large frescoes of thirty-four figures in monochrome. The figures are over life size, and the composition twenty yards in length. He died at Tunbridge Wells in 1896.
ARMSTRONG, Cosmo, an English engraver 'of some repute at the beginning of the 19th century, engraved illustrations to Kearsley's Shakespeare (which appeared in 1805), to Cooke's Poets, and to the Arabian Nights. He was a Governor of the Society of Engravers, and exhibited as late as 1821.
ARNALD, George, born in Berkshire in 1763, was a pupil of William Pether, and at twenty-five years of age exhibited his first picture at the Royal Academy. He painted moonlight scenes, classical landscapes, and marine subjects, and in 1810 was elected an Associate of the Academy. One of his principal pictures, for which he received a commission of £500, was the 'Battle of the Nile,' now in Greenwich Hospital. He died in 1841.
ARNAU, Juan, a Spanish painter, who was born at Barcelona in 1595, was a scholar of Eugenio Caxes, at Madrid. He painted historical subjects, and was chiefly employed in the churches and convents of his native city. In the monastery of the Augustines there are several pictures painted by him, representing subjects from the life of St. Augustine, and in the church of Santa Maria del Mar is a picture of St. Peter receiving from
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