A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF
in the third edition of 1542. He signed his wood-
cuts with the monogram E, to wliicb he some-
times added a pen, the emblem of the draughtsman
(not to be mistaken for a woodcutter's knife). C. D.
SCHON, Friedrich Wilhelm, painter, bom at Worms in 1810, studied at Darmstadt and Munich. He painted social subjects, and lamp and fire-light scenes, such as — ' The reading Maiden,' ' Going to Church in the Bernese Oberland,' ' Return home of the Soldier,' ' South German Emigrants in a North German Port,' ' Meeting of an Art Society,' with fifty portraits, &c. He published a few lithographs. He died at Munich in 1868.
SCHON, JoHANN GoTTLOB, flourished at Dresden in the first half of the 18th century, and was a pupil of Alexander Thiele. He painted and etched several landscapes. He went in 1740 with Isinael Mengs to Rome, where he died.
SCHON, LuDwiG. See Schongauer,
SCHON, Martin. See Schonqaoer.
SCHONBERGER, Lorenz, painter, was born at Voslau, near Vienna. He was a pupil of the Vienna Academy under Wutki. In 1798 he was living in Bohemia. He afterwards visited Italy, England, Paris, and Amsterdam. There are pictures by him in the Galleries of Vienna and Hamburg. He etched twenty plates, and died about 1840.
SCHONBRUNNER, Karl, painter, born at Vienna in 1832, a pupil of the Academy under Fiihrich, studied also at Rome and Venice. His great work is ' Bishop Ambrose repulsing the Emperor Theodosius.' He died in the Castle of Hirschstetten in 1877.
SCHONER, Gustav Friedrich Adolph, painter, bom at Massbach, near Schweinfurt, in 1774, was first a pupil of Konrad Geiger in Schweinfurt, then of Gratf in Dresden, and lastly of David in Paris. He lived for a long time in Bern, where he painted a portrait of Pestalozzi, and a good profile of Napoleon. In 1807 he went to Italy, and in after years we find him at Halberstadt. He executed several excellent copies of pictures after Guido, the Carracci, &c. He died at Bremen in 1841.
SCHONFELD, Heinricu, painter, was born at Dresden in 1809. He at first painted scenery for theatres, but afterwards took to architectural paint- ing, chiefly of old German buildings. He died at Munich in 1845.
SCHONFELDT, JoHANN Heinrich, (Schenfeld,) painter, was born at Biberach in 1609, and was a scholar of Johann Sichelbein. He visited _ the principal cities in Germany, and had already given proof of talent, when he determined to visit Italy. On his arrival at Rome he found employment in the church of S. Elisabetta de' Fornari, and in the Palazzo Orsini. On his return to Germany ne practised as an historical painter at Vienna, Munich, Salzburg, Augsburg, and other cities. Among his better works are his pictures of ' Christ on the way to Calvary,' and the ' Descent from the Cross,' in the church of the Holy Cross at Augsburg, where he resided in tlie latter part of his life. In the Senate-house of that city there is a picture by Schonfeldt representing the race of Hippomenes and Atalanta. He died at Augsburg about 1680. We have a few slight etchings hy Schonfeldt, among which are the following :
A Head of our Saviour. A pa.storal subject, with a Shepherd playing on a flute, unJ a Shepherdess holdiag a triangle. A Landscape, with a Man sitting on a rock. A Bacchanal with children.
SCHONGAUER (or SCHON), Bartel, engraver, is supposed to have flourished at Ulm about 1479. According to some he was the brother of Martin Schongauer, whose style he followed. But his real name and the facts of his life are involved in obscurity. His prints are usually marked with a B. and an S. in the old German character, with a cross between them, thus, lowing plates by him may be named :
1. Chri.st on the Moimt of Olives ; a copy from one of M. Si-honifaner^s * Passion ' sei'ies. 2. The Hearing of the Cross ; ditto. 3. The Two Lovers (reversed from the plates of Israel van Meckenen and the Jfaster W. ). 4. A Concert in the Garden. 5. The Fool and the Cook. {Douce Collection, Oxford.) 6. The Beggars with a Wheelbarrow. 7. Mother with Children and Shield. S. The Peasant with Shield and Garlic Plants. 9. Armorial Bear.ugs of the families of Kohrbach and Holzhausen. 10. A Family of Monkeys. 11. A Wild Man amid ornamental foliage. 12. Ornamental Foliage.
(All these except No. 5 are in the British Museum). For fuller information as to this master see Naumann's Archio., Zweiter Jahrgang, § 168.
SCHONGAUER (named SCHON), IUrtin, painter and engraver, was born at Colmar about 1445-50. His ancestors had ranked among the patrician families of Augsburg for at least two centuries. The namp is derived from Schongau, on the Lech, in Bavaria ; "Schon" — or its equiva- lent " Hiib.sch " — is an epithet applied to Martin the artist, and not a family name ; it was used by old writers in many languages, a.s "Beau Martin," " II Bel Martino," «S:c. Caspar Schongauer, goldsmith, emigrated, not later than 1440, to Colmar, where he became a citizen in 1445. He was Uving in 1481. He had five sons : LuDWiG, a painter and indifferent engraver, Caspar, Georg, and Paul, goldsmiths, and Martin. The order of seniority among the brothers is unknown. Caspar, Ludwig and Paul received Diirer at Colmar in 1492, alter Martin's death ; Georg was Diirer's host at Basle. In 1465 Martin Schongauer, of Colmar, matriculated at Leipsic University. In 1469 he was already a house- holder at Colmar. Two drawings by him in the British Museum belong to that year, one being dated in the artist's own hand, the other in that of Diirer. It seems clear that Schongauer, in addition to learning the goldsmith's craft, as a foundation for his skill as an engraver, received his training as a painter in the Netherlands. Lambert Lombard, in a letter to Vasari, describes him as a pupil of Rogier van der Weyden, whose influence is ap- parent in Schorigauer's masterpiece, 'The Madonna of the Rose Garden,' dated on the back 1473, in St. Martin's Church, Colmar. An old copy of this picture, on a small scale, in the collection of Mrs. Gardner at Boston, preserves the complete com- position of the original, which has been greatly cut down. In 1477 Schongauer bought a new house. In 1488 he founded an anniversary mass for his
parents and himself at St. Martin's. In 1489 he was a citizen of Breisach, and there he died, apparently unmarried, in 1491 (probably on February 2, certainly before June). He seems to have painted his own portrait in 1483 : a copy of this, much later, by Burgkmair, is in the Munich Gallery, another old copy, with the date 1453, at Siena.
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