POLAND
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LAND
312,354 km2; 49% arable, 14% other agricultural, 27% forested, 10% other
Land boundaries: 3,090 km
WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (6 nm contiguous zone claimed in addition to the territorial sea; fishing 12 nm, lateral limits based on geographical coordinates)
Coastline: 491 km
PEOPLE
Population: 36,229,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.9%
Nationality: noun—Pole(s); adjective—Polish
Ethnic divisions: 98.7% Polish, 0.6% Ukrainians, 0.5% Belorussians, less than 0.05% Jews, 0.2% other
Religion: 95% Roman Catholic (about 75% practicing), 5% Uniate, Greek Orthodox, Protestant, and other
Language: Polish, no significant dialects
Literacy: about 98%
Labor force: 19.3 million; 27% agriculture, 32% industry, 41% other nonagricultural (1980)
Organized labor: Solidarity Union—new independent trade union formed as result of labor disturbances in Gdańsk (fall 1980)—claims 10 million members, suspended in December 1981
GOVERNMENT
Official name: Polish People's Republic
Type: Communist state, temporarily under martial law
Capital: Warsaw
Political subdivisions: 49 provinces
Legal system: mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) civil law and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1952; court system parallels administrative divisions with Supreme Court, composed of 104 justices, at apex; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at seven law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday: National Liberation Day, 22 July
Branches: legislative, executive, judicial system dominated by parallel Communist party apparatus
Government leaders: Wojciech JARUZELSKI, Chairman of Council of Ministers (Premier); Henryk Jabłloński, Chairman of Council of State (President)
Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18
Elections: parliamentary and local government every four years
Dominant political party and leader: Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR; Communist), Wojciech Jaruzelski, First Secretary
Voting strength (1975 election): 99% voted for Communist-approved single slate
Communists: 3,091,900 party members (1980)
Other political or pressure groups: National Unity Front (FJN), including United Peasant Party (ZSL), Democratic Party (SD), progovernment pseudo-Catholic Pax Association and Christian Social Association, Catholic independent Znak group; powerful Roman Catholic Church
Member of: CEMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, ICAO, ICES, IHO, Indochina Truce Commission, ILO, IMCO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, Korea Truce Commission, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, all specialized agencies except IMF and IBRD, Warsaw Pact, WIPO, WMO, WTO
ECONOMY
GNP: $165.0 billion in 1980 (1980 dollars), $4,638 per capita; 1980 growth rate, -2.6%
Agriculture: self-sufficient for minimum requirements; main crops—grain, sugar beets, oilseed, potatoes, exporter of livestock products and sugar; importer of grains; 3,200 calories per day per capita (1970)
Fishing: catch 791,000 metric tons (1980)
Major industries: machine building, iron and steel, extractive industries, chemicals, shipbuilding, and food processing
Crude steel: 19.5 million metric tons produced (1980), about 546 kg. per capita
Electric power: 26,240,000 kW capacity (1981); 113.0 million kWh produced (1981), 3,129 kWh per capita
Exports: $16,975 million (f.o.b., 1980); 48% machinery and equipment, 35% fuels, raw materials, and semimanufactures, 8% agricultural and food products, 9% light industrial products (1980)
Imports: $19,064 million (f.o.b., 1980); 35% machinery and equipment; 46% fuels, raw materials, and semimanufactures; 15% agricultural and food products; 4% light industrial products (1980)
