labourers, but some of them till land, either leased or their own. In urban localities, on account of the value in the rise of skins, they have attained to considerable affluence, both on account of the hides supplied by them, and their work as tanners, shoe-makers, etc. Only 355 persons returned gōtras, such as Mātangi, Mareecha, and Jambava-rishi." At the Mysore census, 1891, some Mādigas actually returned themselves as Mātanga Brāhmans, producing for the occasion a certain so-called Purāna as their charter.
Madivāla. —See Agasa.
Mādukkāran. — See Gangeddu.
Madurai. — The name of a sub-division of Shānān, apparently meaning sweet liquor, and not the town of Madura.
'Magadha Kani.___Recorded, at times of census, as a sub-division of Bhatrāzu.
Maggam. — Maggam, Magga, and Maggada, meaning loom, have been recorded as exogamous septs of Kurubas, Mālas, and Holeyas, some of whom are weavers.
Māghadulu. — A sub-division of Bhatrāzu, named after one Māghade, who is said to have been herald at the marriage of Siva.
Magili (Pandanus fascicularis). — A gōtra of Tsākalas and Panta Reddis, by whom the products of the tree may not be touched. The Panta Reddi women of this gōtra will not, like those of other castes, use the flower-bracts for the purpose of adorning themselves. There is a belief, in Southern India, that the fragrant male inflorescence harbours a tiny snake, which is more deadly than the cobra, and that incautious smelling thereof may lead to death.
Māgura.— Recorded, in the Madras Census Report, 1901, as a small caste of Oriya leafplate makers and
